Chapter 7 Flashcards
Federalism
A division of governmental powers between the national and the states
Delegated Powers
Powers that are specifically assigned to the national government
Implied Powers
Although not expressed, powers that may be reasonably inferred from the Constitution
Necessary and Proper (Elastic) Clause
Clause in the Constitution that states that “Congress should have the power to make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution”
Inherent Powers
Powers that exist for the national government because the government is sovereign (Supreme)
Concurrent Powers
Powers that belong to both the national and state governments
Reserved Powers
Powers belonging specifically to the state because they were neither delegated to the national government nor denied to the states
Full Faith and Credit Clause
States are required to recognize the laws and legal documents of other states (driver’s licenses)
Privileges and Immunities Clause
If a citizen is traveling in another state, their fundamental rights to life and property cannot be taken away by the state government
Extradition
States may return fugitives to a state from which they have fled to avoid criminal prosecution at the request of the governor of the state
Interstate Compacts
States may make agreements to work together to solve regional problems
Supremacy Clause
Establishes that federal laws/United States Constitution are over state laws/state constitutions
McCulloch v. Maryland
Court decided that the Federal Government had the right and power to set up a Federal bank and that states did not have the power to tax the Federal Government
Dual Federalism
System of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies
Cooperative Federalism
Federal government and state governments work together to solve problems and implement policies
Devolution
Transfer of power and decision - making authority from a central government to regional or local government
Fiscal Federalism
National government’s patterns of spending, taxation, and providing grants to influence state and local governments
Fiscal Policy
The government’s use of spending and taxation to influence the economy/states
Grants-in-Aid
Money that is given to the states from the federal government for specific projects or programs
Categorical Grants
Grants that have a specific purpose/strict regulations defined by law (school lunch program)
Block Grants
General grants that can be used for a variety of purposes within a broad category (education, health care)
Revenue Sharing
Distribution of tax money to the state governments
Mandates
An authoritative command from the national government that directs the state/local governments to take specific actions or implement policies
Unfunded Mandates
A regulation or policy imposed by one level of government on another without providing the necessary funding to cover the costs
