Chapter 7 Flashcards
sentence
Independent grammatical unit that expresses a complete thought. Must contain a main clause with a subject and a predicate, predicate must contain a finite verb
clause
Group of words that expresses a whole event or situation, containing a subject and a predicate
independent clause
Can stand by itself and form a grammatically complete sentence
dependent clause
Starts with a subordinator, except when ‘that’ is understood. Can function as sentence constituent, postmodifiers of a noun or adverbials.
phrase
Grammatically ordered group of related words that does not have a subject and/or predicate and functions as a constituent.
finite noun clause related to statement
Can realise a subject, object or attribute. Can be quoted directly, marked with quotation marks, or is introduced by subordinator ‘that’.
finite noun clause related to a yes/no question
Subordinator is ‘if’ or ‘whether’.
finite noun clause related to interrogative pronoun question
Double function as subordinator.
non-finite form direct object
Depends on context and particular meaning with which the lexical verb is used
extraposed subject or object clauses
Pronoun at the beginning of a sentence as temporary subject, with the actual subject after the subject attribute.
passive sentence
Verb phrase contains ‘be’ or ‘get’ followed by past participle.
ellipsis
Repeated or clearly understood sentence constituents may be left out (ellipted).
existential sentences
Setting receives more prominence. Sentence starts with ‘there’ (vague indication of place). Subject occurs after predicator.
cleft construction
Gives extra emphasis to a particular sentence constituent. ‘It is X who/that/which/…’ with X as the subject, object or adverbial.
