chapter 7

Question 1

Technology

Answer 1

the information, equipment, techniques and procedures required to transform
inputs into outputs (include physical processes as well as mental concepts which are part of the
information required to complete tasks )

Question 2

Joan Woodward’s research

Answer 2

Her research was the first major attempt to view organisation’s structure from technological
perspective.
The research is manufacturing based, so it is applicable only to manufacturing industries, which
represent less than a third of all organizations.

Question 3

Three types of technologies: Joan Woowards

Answer 3

Unit production
Mass production
process production

Question 4

unit production

Answer 4

technology where units are custom-made and work is non-routine (small-
batch production)
- the least technological complexity
- low vertical differentiation
- moderate span of control
- low proportion of administrative and support staff personnel
- high proportion of skilled workers
- low overall complexity
- low formalization
- low centralisation

Question 5

Mass productio

Answer 5

large-batch or mass-produced technology, routine in nature
- moderate technological complexity
- moderate vertical differentiation
- the highest span of control
- moderate proportion of administrative and support staff personal
- low proportion of skilled workers - high division of labour
- high overall complexity
- high formalisation, clear line of authority
- high centralisation