Chapter 7 Flashcards
Urinary System
1
Q
urinary system
A
removes waste from the body by constantly filtering blood
2
Q
urea
A
A substance formed by the breakdown of protein in the live
3
Q
homeostasis
A
A state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly
4
Q
home/o
A
unchanging
5
Q
urin/o
A
urine or pertaining to the urinary organs
6
Q
ur/o
A
urine or pertaining to the urinary organs
7
Q
retroperitoneally
A
behind the lining of the abdominal cavity or outside the peritoneal cavity
8
Q
ren/o
A
kidney (adjective)
9
Q
nephr/o
A
kidney (tends to be used to describe pathological conditions and surgical procedures
10
Q
cortex
A
outer layer of the kidney
11
Q
cortic/o
A
outer region
12
Q
medulla
A
inner layer of the kidney
13
Q
medull/o
A
middle or inner portion
14
Q
nephron
A
functional unit of the kidney
15
Q
glomerulus
A
cluster of capillaries that filters blood
16
Q
Bowman’s capsule
A
cup-shaped structure that contains the glomerulus
17
Q
renal corpuscle
A
glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule together
18
Q
distal convoluted tubules
A
hollow tubes located between the Bowman’s capsule and the loops of Henle that are involved in reabsorption
19
Q
collecting tubules
A
hollow tubes that carry urine from the cortex to the renal pelvis
20
Q
glomerul/o
A
to wind into a ball
21
Q
glomeruli
A
plural of glomerulus
22
Q
renal pelvis
A
area of the kidney where the nephrons collect urine before entering the ureters
23
Q
pyel/o
A
renal pelvis
24
Q
calyces
A
irregular cuplike spaces that collect urine from the kidney
25
calyx
singular form of calyces
26
hilus
point of attachment or depression
27
distal
farthest from midline
28
proximal
closest to midline
29
convoluted
rolled or coiled
30
ascending
moving upwards or cranially
31
descending
moving downward or caudally
32
ureters
pair of narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
33
ureter/o
ureter
34
trigone
Greek for triangle, where the ureters enter the urinary bladder
35
urinary bladder
singular hollow muscular organ that hold urine
36
cyst/o
urinary bladder
37
sphincters
ringlike muscles that close a passageway
38
urethra
tune extending from the urinary bladder to outside the body
39
urethr/o
urethra
40
urethral meatus
the external opening of the urethra
41
meat/o
opening
42
uropoiesis
process of urine production
43
-poiesis
formation
44
-chrome
color
45
turbin
cloudy
46
erythropoitin
hormone produced by the kidney that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow
47
antidiuretic (ADH)
hormone releases by the posterior pituitary gland that suppresses urine formation by reabsorbing more water
48
aldosterone
hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that regulates electrolyte balance via the reabsorption of sodium
49
cystocentesis
surgical procedure of the urinary bladder, usually to collect urine
50
cystography
radiographic study of the urinary bladder after contrast material has been placed in the urinary bladder via a urethral catheter
51
cystogram
the radiographic film of the urinary bladder after contrast material has been placed in the urinary bladder via a urethral catheter
52
retrograde
going backwards
53
cystoscopy
visually examination of the urinary bladder using a fiberoptic instrument
54
cystoscope
the the fiberoptic instrument used to access the interior of the urinary bladder
55
intravenous pyelogram
radiographic study of the kidney and ureters in which dye is injected into a vein to define structures more clearly
56
pneumocystography
radiographic study of the urinary bladder after air has been placed in the bladder via a urethral catheter
57
radiography
imaging of internal structures that is created by exposing specialized film to x-rays
58
scout film
a plain x-ray made without contrast material
59
retrograde pyelogram
radiographic study of the kidney and ureters in which contrast material is placed directly into the urinary bladder
60
urinalysis
examination of the urine components
61
urinary catheterization
insertion of a tube through the urethra into the urinary bladder
62
catheter
the hollow tube inserted into a body cavity to inject or remove fluid
63
albuminuria
presence of the major blood protein in urine
64
anuria
complete suppression of urine production
65
bacteriuria
presence of bacteria in the urine
66
crystalluria
urine with naturally produced angular solid of definitive form (crystals)
67
dysuria
difficult or painful urination
68
glucosuria or glycosuria
glucose (sugar) in urine
69
hematuria
blood in urine
70
ketonuria
presence of ketones in urine (ketones are produced during increased fat metabolism)
71
nocturia
excessive urination at night
72
riaoliguria
scanty or little urine
73
pollakiuria
frequent urination
74
polyuria
excessive urination
75
proteinuria
presence of proteins in urine
76
pyuria
pus in urine
77
stranguria
slow or painful urination
78
azotemia
presence of urea or other nitrogenous elements in the blood
79
azot/o
urea or nitrogen
80
calculus
abnormal minerals deposit
81
lith/o
stone or calculus
82
-lith
stone or calculus
83
casts
fibrous or protein materials found in the urine with renal disease or another abnormality
84
crystals
normally produced angular solid of definitive form
85
cystalgia
urinary bladder pain
86
cystitis
inflammation of the urinary bladder
87
cystocele
displacement of the urinary bladder through the vaginal wall
88
epispadias
abnormal condition in the the urethra opens on the dorsum of the penis
89
feline lower urinary tract disease
common disease of cats in which cystitis, urethritis, and crystalluria are found
90
glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the kidney involving the glomeruli
91
hydronephrosis
dilation of the renal pelvis as a result of obstruction to urine flow
92
hydroureter
distension of the ureter with urine caused by any blockage
93
hypospadias
abnormal condition in which the urethrae opens on the ventral surface of the penis
94
inappropriate urination
eliminating urine at the wrong time or in the wrong place
95
incontinence
inability to control excretory functions
96
interstitial cystitis
inflammation within the walls of the urinary bladder
97
-lithiasis
the presence of stones or calculi
98
nephrectasis
distention of the kidneys
99
distention
enlargement
100
-ectasis
distension or stretching
101
nephritis
inflammation of the kidneys
102
nephrolith
kidney stones or renal calculus
103
nephromalacia
abnormal softening of the kidney
104
nephropathy
disease of the kidney
105
nephrosclerosis
abnormal hardening of the kidney
106
nephrosis
abnormal condition of the kidney
107
prerenal
before the kidney
108
postrenal
after the kidney
109
prolapse
downward displacement of a body organ
110
-ptosis
drooping or dropping down
111
nephroptosis
prolapsed kidney
112
pyelitis
inflammation of the renal pelvis
113
pyelonephritis
inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney
114
renal failure
inability of the kidneys to function
115
acute
occurring suddenly or over a short period of time
116
chronic
occurring over a long period of time or longer onset
117
nephrotoxin
a poison having destructive effects on the kidneys
118
polyuria
elevated urine production
119
polydipsia
excessive thirst or drinking
120
diuresis
elevated excretion of urine
121
diuretics
drug that increases urine production
122
renal infarction
obstruction of blood flow to the kidneys
123
uremia
waste products in the blood
124
ureterectasis
distension of the ureter
125
ureterolith
stone in the ureter
126
urethritis
inflammation of the urethra
127
urethrolithiasis
disorder characterized by the presence of urethral stones
128
urethrolith
urethral stones
129
urethrostenosis
stricture of the urethra
130
stricture
an abnormal band of tissue narrowing a passage
131
urinary retention
inability to completely empty the urinary bladder
132
urinary tract infection
invasion of microorganisms in the urinary system
133
urolith or cystolith
urinary bladder stones
134
cystectomy
surgical removal of all or part of the urinary bladder
135
cystoplexy
surgical fixation of the urinary bladder to the abdomen wall
136
cystoplasty
surgical repair of the urinary bladder
137
cystostomy
surgical creation of a new opening between the skin and urinary bladder
138
cystotomy
surgical incision into the urinary bladder
139
dialysis
procedure to remove blood waste products when the kidneys are no longer functioning
140
peritoneal dialysis
the removal of blood waste products by fluid exchange through the peritoneal cavity
141
hemodialysis
the removal of blood waste products by filtering blood through a machine
142
lithotripsy
destruction of stones using ultrasonic waves traveling through water
143
-tripsy
to crush
144
nephrectomy
surgical removal of the kidney
145
nephropexy
surgical fixation of a kidney to the abdominal wall
146
nephroplasty
surgical repair of the kidney
147
nephrostomy
surgical creation of a new opening between the skin and kidney
148
nephrotomy
surgical incision into the kidney
149
ureterectomy
surgical removal of the ureter
150
ureteroplasty
surgical repair of the ureter
151
ureterotomy
surgical incision into the ureter
152
urethroplasty
surgical repair of the urethra
153
urethrostomy
surgical creation of a permanent opening between the urethra and the skin
154
perineal urethrostomy
the surgical creation of a permanent opening between the urethra and the skin between the anus and scrotum
155
urethrotomy
surgical incision into the urethra
