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VETT 118 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

Urinary System

1
Q

urinary system

A

removes waste from the body by constantly filtering blood

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2
Q

urea

A

A substance formed by the breakdown of protein in the live

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3
Q

homeostasis

A

A state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly

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4
Q

home/o

A

unchanging

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5
Q

urin/o

A

urine or pertaining to the urinary organs

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6
Q

ur/o

A

urine or pertaining to the urinary organs

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7
Q

retroperitoneally

A

behind the lining of the abdominal cavity or outside the peritoneal cavity

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8
Q

ren/o

A

kidney (adjective)

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9
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney (tends to be used to describe pathological conditions and surgical procedures

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10
Q

cortex

A

outer layer of the kidney

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11
Q

cortic/o

A

outer region

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12
Q

medulla

A

inner layer of the kidney

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13
Q

medull/o

A

middle or inner portion

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14
Q

nephron

A

functional unit of the kidney

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15
Q

glomerulus

A

cluster of capillaries that filters blood

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16
Q

Bowman’s capsule

A

cup-shaped structure that contains the glomerulus

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17
Q

renal corpuscle

A

glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule together

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18
Q

distal convoluted tubules

A

hollow tubes located between the Bowman’s capsule and the loops of Henle that are involved in reabsorption

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19
Q

collecting tubules

A

hollow tubes that carry urine from the cortex to the renal pelvis

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20
Q

glomerul/o

A

to wind into a ball

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21
Q

glomeruli

A

plural of glomerulus

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22
Q

renal pelvis

A

area of the kidney where the nephrons collect urine before entering the ureters

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23
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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24
Q

calyces

A

irregular cuplike spaces that collect urine from the kidney

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25
Q

calyx

A

singular form of calyces

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26
Q

hilus

A

point of attachment or depression

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27
Q

distal

A

farthest from midline

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28
Q

proximal

A

closest to midline

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29
Q

convoluted

A

rolled or coiled

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30
Q

ascending

A

moving upwards or cranially

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31
Q

descending

A

moving downward or caudally

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32
Q

ureters

A

pair of narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

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33
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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34
Q

trigone

A

Greek for triangle, where the ureters enter the urinary bladder

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35
Q

urinary bladder

A

singular hollow muscular organ that hold urine

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36
Q

cyst/o

A

urinary bladder

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37
Q

sphincters

A

ringlike muscles that close a passageway

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38
Q

urethra

A

tune extending from the urinary bladder to outside the body

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39
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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40
Q

urethral meatus

A

the external opening of the urethra

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41
Q

meat/o

A

opening

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42
Q

uropoiesis

A

process of urine production

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43
Q

-poiesis

A

formation

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44
Q

-chrome

A

color

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45
Q

turbin

A

cloudy

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46
Q

erythropoitin

A

hormone produced by the kidney that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow

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47
Q

antidiuretic (ADH)

A

hormone releases by the posterior pituitary gland that suppresses urine formation by reabsorbing more water

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48
Q

aldosterone

A

hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that regulates electrolyte balance via the reabsorption of sodium

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49
Q

cystocentesis

A

surgical procedure of the urinary bladder, usually to collect urine

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50
Q

cystography

A

radiographic study of the urinary bladder after contrast material has been placed in the urinary bladder via a urethral catheter

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51
Q

cystogram

A

the radiographic film of the urinary bladder after contrast material has been placed in the urinary bladder via a urethral catheter

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52
Q

retrograde

A

going backwards

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53
Q

cystoscopy

A

visually examination of the urinary bladder using a fiberoptic instrument

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54
Q

cystoscope

A

the the fiberoptic instrument used to access the interior of the urinary bladder

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55
Q

intravenous pyelogram

A

radiographic study of the kidney and ureters in which dye is injected into a vein to define structures more clearly

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56
Q

pneumocystography

A

radiographic study of the urinary bladder after air has been placed in the bladder via a urethral catheter

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57
Q

radiography

A

imaging of internal structures that is created by exposing specialized film to x-rays

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58
Q

scout film

A

a plain x-ray made without contrast material

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59
Q

retrograde pyelogram

A

radiographic study of the kidney and ureters in which contrast material is placed directly into the urinary bladder

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60
Q

urinalysis

A

examination of the urine components

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61
Q

urinary catheterization

A

insertion of a tube through the urethra into the urinary bladder

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62
Q

catheter

A

the hollow tube inserted into a body cavity to inject or remove fluid

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63
Q

albuminuria

A

presence of the major blood protein in urine

64
Q

anuria

A

complete suppression of urine production

65
Q

bacteriuria

A

presence of bacteria in the urine

66
Q

crystalluria

A

urine with naturally produced angular solid of definitive form (crystals)

67
Q

dysuria

A

difficult or painful urination

68
Q

glucosuria or glycosuria

A

glucose (sugar) in urine

69
Q

hematuria

A

blood in urine

70
Q

ketonuria

A

presence of ketones in urine (ketones are produced during increased fat metabolism)

71
Q

nocturia

A

excessive urination at night

72
Q

riaoliguria

A

scanty or little urine

73
Q

pollakiuria

A

frequent urination

74
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urination

75
Q

proteinuria

A

presence of proteins in urine

76
Q

pyuria

A

pus in urine

77
Q

stranguria

A

slow or painful urination

78
Q

azotemia

A

presence of urea or other nitrogenous elements in the blood

79
Q

azot/o

A

urea or nitrogen

80
Q

calculus

A

abnormal minerals deposit

81
Q

lith/o

A

stone or calculus

82
Q

-lith

A

stone or calculus

83
Q

casts

A

fibrous or protein materials found in the urine with renal disease or another abnormality

84
Q

crystals

A

normally produced angular solid of definitive form

85
Q

cystalgia

A

urinary bladder pain

86
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of the urinary bladder

87
Q

cystocele

A

displacement of the urinary bladder through the vaginal wall

88
Q

epispadias

A

abnormal condition in the the urethra opens on the dorsum of the penis

89
Q

feline lower urinary tract disease

A

common disease of cats in which cystitis, urethritis, and crystalluria are found

90
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

inflammation of the kidney involving the glomeruli

91
Q

hydronephrosis

A

dilation of the renal pelvis as a result of obstruction to urine flow

92
Q

hydroureter

A

distension of the ureter with urine caused by any blockage

93
Q

hypospadias

A

abnormal condition in which the urethrae opens on the ventral surface of the penis

94
Q

inappropriate urination

A

eliminating urine at the wrong time or in the wrong place

95
Q

incontinence

A

inability to control excretory functions

96
Q

interstitial cystitis

A

inflammation within the walls of the urinary bladder

97
Q

-lithiasis

A

the presence of stones or calculi

98
Q

nephrectasis

A

distention of the kidneys

99
Q

distention

A

enlargement

100
Q

-ectasis

A

distension or stretching

101
Q

nephritis

A

inflammation of the kidneys

102
Q

nephrolith

A

kidney stones or renal calculus

103
Q

nephromalacia

A

abnormal softening of the kidney

104
Q

nephropathy

A

disease of the kidney

105
Q

nephrosclerosis

A

abnormal hardening of the kidney

106
Q

nephrosis

A

abnormal condition of the kidney

107
Q

prerenal

A

before the kidney

108
Q

postrenal

A

after the kidney

109
Q

prolapse

A

downward displacement of a body organ

110
Q

-ptosis

A

drooping or dropping down

111
Q

nephroptosis

A

prolapsed kidney

112
Q

pyelitis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis

113
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney

114
Q

renal failure

A

inability of the kidneys to function

115
Q

acute

A

occurring suddenly or over a short period of time

116
Q

chronic

A

occurring over a long period of time or longer onset

117
Q

nephrotoxin

A

a poison having destructive effects on the kidneys

118
Q

polyuria

A

elevated urine production

119
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst or drinking

120
Q

diuresis

A

elevated excretion of urine

121
Q

diuretics

A

drug that increases urine production

122
Q

renal infarction

A

obstruction of blood flow to the kidneys

123
Q

uremia

A

waste products in the blood

124
Q

ureterectasis

A

distension of the ureter

125
Q

ureterolith

A

stone in the ureter

126
Q

urethritis

A

inflammation of the urethra

127
Q

urethrolithiasis

A

disorder characterized by the presence of urethral stones

128
Q

urethrolith

A

urethral stones

129
Q

urethrostenosis

A

stricture of the urethra

130
Q

stricture

A

an abnormal band of tissue narrowing a passage

131
Q

urinary retention

A

inability to completely empty the urinary bladder

132
Q

urinary tract infection

A

invasion of microorganisms in the urinary system

133
Q

urolith or cystolith

A

urinary bladder stones

134
Q

cystectomy

A

surgical removal of all or part of the urinary bladder

135
Q

cystoplexy

A

surgical fixation of the urinary bladder to the abdomen wall

136
Q

cystoplasty

A

surgical repair of the urinary bladder

137
Q

cystostomy

A

surgical creation of a new opening between the skin and urinary bladder

138
Q

cystotomy

A

surgical incision into the urinary bladder

139
Q

dialysis

A

procedure to remove blood waste products when the kidneys are no longer functioning

140
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

the removal of blood waste products by fluid exchange through the peritoneal cavity

141
Q

hemodialysis

A

the removal of blood waste products by filtering blood through a machine

142
Q

lithotripsy

A

destruction of stones using ultrasonic waves traveling through water

143
Q

-tripsy

A

to crush

144
Q

nephrectomy

A

surgical removal of the kidney

145
Q

nephropexy

A

surgical fixation of a kidney to the abdominal wall

146
Q

nephroplasty

A

surgical repair of the kidney

147
Q

nephrostomy

A

surgical creation of a new opening between the skin and kidney

148
Q

nephrotomy

A

surgical incision into the kidney

149
Q

ureterectomy

A

surgical removal of the ureter

150
Q

ureteroplasty

A

surgical repair of the ureter

151
Q

ureterotomy

A

surgical incision into the ureter

152
Q

urethroplasty

A

surgical repair of the urethra

153
Q

urethrostomy

A

surgical creation of a permanent opening between the urethra and the skin

154
Q

perineal urethrostomy

A

the surgical creation of a permanent opening between the urethra and the skin between the anus and scrotum

155
Q

urethrotomy

A

surgical incision into the urethra

VETT 118 (7 decks)

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