chapter 7 Flashcards
breakdown of organic molceules is
exergonic CATABOLIC
cellular respiration
most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway, consumes oxygen and organic molecules like glucose, yields ATP, keeps cells working by regenerating ATP
why do catabolic pathways yield energy?
transfer of electrons
Redox reactions
transfer electrons from one reactant to another by oxidation and reduction
Oxidation Reduction
OIL RIG Oxidation is loss (substance loses electrons), reduction is gain (substance gains electrons)
electrons are transferred to more
electronegative atoms
what happens to glucose and oxygen in cellular respiration
glucose is oxidized, oxygen is reduced
ATP is generated by an _____ reaction where ADP gets _____
endergonic, phosphoyrlated
90% of ATP is produced by
chemiosmosis, requires ATP synthase
energy investment phase glycolysis
investment of two ATP molecules and results in the formation of two molecules of glyceraldehyde phosphate.
energy pay off phase glycolysis
two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate are transformed into two molecules of pyruvate in the payoff phase of glycolysis. For each of these molecules, two ATP and one NADH molecule are produced.
Products of glycosis
2 pyrivate + 2 H20, 2 ATP + 2H, 2 NADH
where does citric acid cycle take place?
matrix of mitochondria
citric acid cycle products
3 NADH, 1 FADH, 1 ATP, 2CO2
chemiosmosis
The movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient.,ENERGY COUPLING
fermentation
doesn’t need oxygen, pyruvate convertated to ethanol, releases CO2
glycolysis
doesn’t need oxygen, couples iwth fermentation to produce ATP
lactic acid fermentation
pyruvate is reduced directly by NADH to form lactate as waste product
how is cellular respiration controlled?
by allosteric enzymes in glycolysis and citirc acid cycle
