Chapter 7

Question 1

Wavelength

Answer 1

(Upside down y) – distance between two peaks or troughs in a wave. In meters

Question 2

Frequency

Answer 2

(V) – number of waves (cycles) per second that pass a given point in space
In 1/s

Question 3

Speed

Answer 3

(c) – speed of light

Question 4

wave

Answer 4

a continuously repeating change or oscillation in matter or in a physical field.

Question 5

Light

Answer 5

an electromagnetic wave, consisting of oscillations in electric and magnetic fields traveling through space.

Question 6

Wave formula

Answer 6

c = yv_

Question 7

Max plank energy formula

Answer 7

E = hν_

h = 6.626 × 10-34 J *s (Planck’s constant)

Question 8

Albert Einstein plank formula variation

Answer 8

Ephoton = hν_=hc /y

Question 9

Albert Einstein energy formulation

Answer 9

E=mc2
So m=h/yc
m=h/yv

Question 10

Dualityof light

Answer 10

Light has wavelength it is a wave
Light has mass it is matter

Question 11

Continuous spectrum

Answer 11

Acontinuousspectrumcontainsall wavelengths of light.

Question 12

Line spectrum

Answer 12

line spectrum shows only certain colors or specific wavelengths of light.

Question 13

Energy level orbitate formula

Answer 13

𝐸𝑛 = −𝐵 z2/𝑛2

n = principal quantum number
Z= atomic number
* B = Bohr orbit’s constant = 2.178 x 10-18 J

Question 14

Quantum numbers

Answer 14

n: principale quantum number (shell, energy and size)
l: angular quantum number (shape of subshells)
ml:magnetic quantum number (orientation of subshells and orbitals)
ms: spin quantum number (spin of electron)

No 2 electron in one same atom have the same set of quantum number

Question 15

value of l with letters

Answer 15

0=s (spehrical)
1=p (two lobes, butterfly noeud)
2=d
3=f
4=g

Question 16

determining quantum numbers

Answer 16

l= 0…n-1
ml=-l…l
ms=1/2 or -1/2

Question 17

except electron configuration

Answer 17

cr (4s1 3d5) and cu (4s1 3d10)

Question 18

light wavelength spectrum

Answer 18

10-12/10-11 gamma rays
10-11/10-8 x rays
10-8/3.5 10-7 ultra violet
3.5 10-7/8 10-7 visible
8 10-7/10-3 infrared
10-3/10-2 microwaves
10-2/101 radar
101/104 radio waves

Question 19

Period vs column/group

Answer 19

period horizontal
column vertical

Question 20

atomic radius

Answer 20

within each column, atomis radius increases as we go down (larger shells)

within each period, atomic radius decreases as we go right
(effective nuclear charge more powerful, electrons more attracted towards center)

Question 21

first ionization energy meaning

Answer 21

minimum amount of energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom in the gaseous state (forming positive ion)

Question 22

ionization energy

Answer 22

within a column, the first ionizatiion energy decreses from top to bottom because electrons are farther from the nucleaus at the bottom

within each period, the first ionization energy increases from left to right because electrons are closer to nucleus at the right and require more energy to be rejected

ionization energy increases a lot when atom is at a noble gas configuration (outermost layer full) removing core electrons hard

Question 23

electron affinity meaning

Answer 23

the energy change produced by adding an electron to a neutral atom in the gaseous state (forming negative ion)

negative change (adding electron) indicate a stable anion is formed. the bigger negative the more stable. positive indicate anion is unstable

Question 24

electron affinity

Answer 24

IN FIRST COLUM ONLY electron affinity becomes less negative from top to bottom because the electron enter the oribital further from the nucleus, matters less (less exothermic)

in a same period, from left to right the electron affinity becomes more negative because atom gets smaller and electron is closer to nucleus (more exothermic)