Chap 2-3 Flashcards
proton, electron, neutron symbole
p+
e-
n0
Isotopes
Same number of protons, different number of neutrons
Symbole naming elements
51 (mass) V (symbole)
23 (protons)
Isotopic layers
2-8-8
Ionic compounds
Exchange electron
2 poly
1 metal 1 poly
1 non-metal 1 poly
1 metal 1 non-metal
Cation: loses electron, positive charge
Anion: gains electron, negative charge
Covalent compound
Share electron
2 non-metal
2 same atoms
Groups/families vs periods
Groups/families = vertical rows
Periods= horizontal rows
Families are:
alkali metals
alkaline earth metals
halogens
noble gases
Binary compounds naming
2 elements, only one we can name following our rules
if ionic: no prefix, unless metal ionizes in multiple ways, then use roman numerals of number of electrons lost by the metal (cation) (transition metals usually require roman numerals)
if covalent: always prefix, do not use mono for first element, but 2nd yes
in both cases, end of anion switches to “-ide” ex: oxide, sulfide
Special rules for roman numerals
Ag (silver) ionizes 1+
Zn (zinc) ionizes 2+
Cd (cadium) ionizes 2+
if H (hydrogen) bonds to a metal, ionizes 1-
although oxgen ionizes in 2-, peroxide is 2- and superoxide is -1
Bi (bismuth) and Tl (thallium) are unsure, although in families who have predetermined charges
Prefix
mono
di
tri
tetra
penta
hexo
hepta
octa
nona
deca
Naming acids
Reconized by H in front, loses H+ to form base
If acid without oxygen:
-prefix hydro, suffix -ic (ex: HCl= hydrochloric acid)
If acid with oxygen:
-if anion name ends with -ate, add suffix -ic (ex: HNO3= Nitric acid)
if anion name ends with -ite, suffix -ous (ex: HNO2= Nitrous acid)
Mass percent formula
m%= mass of element/mass of compound *100
Charges Zn, Ag, Cd
Zn 2+
Ag +
Cd 2+
Naming multiple charges
Name each, use prefixes, in alphabetic order
Naming hydrates
Name of atom, suffix+hydrate
