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Phlebotomy > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

are the structures of veins and arteries similar?

A

Yes, they are. but they have differences.

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2
Q

what is the difference between arteries and veins?

A

-Arteries have thicker walls. Arteries feel stiff and firm. You can feel the pulsing of the blood when the heart beats.
-Veins, on the other hand, feel springy and bouncy. There is no pulse felt in the veins.

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3
Q

define palpated

A

when felt through the skin (this can be feeling veins, arteries, etc..)

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4
Q

define plasma

A

Plasma is the liquid component of blood

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5
Q

define formed elements

A

Formed elements are the solid components of blood

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6
Q

what are the two main things that blood consists of?

A

Plasma and Formed Elements

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7
Q

What does plasma consist of? what percentage does it make of total blood volume?

A

Plasma makes up about 55% of the total blood volume. It is a clear, straw-colored fluid.
Plasma is about 91% water and 9% dissolved substances, including protein, gases, hormones, and nutrients.
Some of the proteins in the plasma are important for proper blood clotting.

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8
Q

what are formed elements, and what does it consist of? What percentage of total blood volume does it make up?

A

Formed elements make up about 45% of the total blood volume.
Formed elements include red blood cells, several types of white blood cells, and platelets.

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9
Q

within formed elements, what do red blood cells contain?

A

RBCs, aka erythrocytes, contain hemoglobin - which is a protein that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide.

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10
Q

within formed elements, what do white blood cells do?

A

WBCs, aka leukocytes, protect the body against foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses.

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11
Q

within formed elements, what do platelets do?

A

Platelets, aka thrombocytes, play a big role in blood clotting.

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12
Q

what is a complete blood count and what does it do?

A

Complete blood count, CBC, is a common test used to check the composition of a patient’s blood. It allows a doctor to determine how many red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are in a patient’s blood.

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13
Q

what else can CBC measure, and what is this measure called?

A

In some variations, CBC test can further measure how many of each type of WBC is present. This test is called a complete blood count with differential, or CBC w/ differential.

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14
Q

what is anemia? how does a provider diagnose it?

A

Anemia is a condition in which a person has either too few RBCs or too little hemoglobin in the blood. A CBC may be used to diagnose anemia.

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15
Q

define transfusion

A

a transfusion is a transfer of blood from one person to the bloodstream of another.

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16
Q

what is arterial blood? what color is it?

A

Arterial blood is the blood in the arteries. It is a bright red color.
-Arterial blood is pumped out from the heart to be carried throughout the body.
-Arterial blood is oxygenated (with the exception of blood in pulmonary arteries).
-Oxygen is transported by the protein Hemoglobin, which is present in the RBCs. Hemoglobin contains iron and gives blood its red color.
-Arterial wounds can bleed forcefully and can spurt and spray due to the pressure from the beating heart.

17
Q

what is venous blood? what color is it?

A

Venous blood is blood in the vein. It is a deep red color (a misconception is that it is blue since it looks blue under the skin, but that is just a trick of light).
-Veins return blood to the heart, and they carry deoxygenated blood (except for pulmonary veins).
-Veins flow with less pressure than arteries and don’t spray/
-Taking venous blood requires force. Venous blood is either collected in a tube emptied of air to create a vacuum that sucks the blood, or through the use of a syringe.

18
Q

what is capillary blood? what color is it?

A

Capillary blood is a mixture of arterial and venous blood. It is between the deep red color and bright red color.
-Capillaries are the smallest BV and they are exchange sites between veins and arteries.
-Nutrients and wastes are also exchanged in capillary beds, so capillary blood will also contain these substances.

19
Q

what are 4 differences between arterial and venous blood?

A

Arterial blood is bright red in color, while venous blood is deep red in color.
Arterial blood is oxygenated, while venous blood is deoxygenated.
Arterial blood flows forcefully, with a pulse, and can spurt and spray. But venous blood requires suction, so it doesn’t flow as forcefully, and it doesn’t have a pulse or spurts.
Arterial blood is pumped out from the heart, while venous blood returns blood to the heart.

20
Q

what is a syringe?

A

A syringe is used to draw venous blood. It is a tubular device with a plunger that draws blood from the veins when pulled.

21
Q

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide and of nutrients and waste take place in areas called…

A

capillary beds

22
Q

formed elements compose ____ of the blood volume

A

just under half

23
Q

who is considered to be a universal blood donor?

A

type O, Rh negative

24
Q

which order correctly lists blood color from lightest to darkest?

A

arterial blood, capillary blood, venous blood

25
Q

an enzyme called ____ controls platelet response when a blood vessel is damaged

A

thrombin

26
Q

when a blood specimen is allowed to clot in a collection tube and is then centrifuged, the resulting liquid portion is called ____

A

serum

27
Q

what are the smallest blood vessels called

A

capillaries

28
Q

which of these set of words best describes how a healthy vein feels when palpated?
a. firm, rope-like
b. dense, tight
c. soft, springy
d. springy, bouncy

A

d. springy, bouncy

29
Q

the formed elements make up…

A

a bit less than 1/2 of blood volume

30
Q

the liquid portion of blood is…

A

a combination of water and dissolved substances

31
Q

venous blood is…
a. deep, dark red
b. blue
c. bright red
d. bluish purple

A

a. deep, dark red

32
Q

______ is a term describing the process that keeps blood flowing normally through the rest of the body while clotting at the site of an injury

A

hemostasis

33
Q

what does blood plasma contain that blood serum does not?

A

fibrinogen

34
Q

a specimen containing an anticoagulant additive and not spun in a centrifuge is called a(n) _____ specimen.

A

whole blood

Phlebotomy (12 decks)

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