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Phlebotomy > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

define and give an example of payers

A

Payers are people or organizations paying for healthcare services. Examples are insurance companies, Medicare, and individual patients or clients.

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2
Q

define and give an example of providers

A

Providers are people or organizations that provide healthcare. Examples are doctors and physician assistants.

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3
Q

define and give an example of facilities

A

Facilities are places where care is delivered or administered. Examples are hospitals and laboratories.

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4
Q

what are two settings that healthcare can be provided?

A

Inpatient and outpatient

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5
Q

what is an inpatient setting?

A

It is provided to patients who must stay at the healthcare facility overnight. An example is at hospitals.

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6
Q

hospitals usually care for patients with ____ illness. what does that mean?

A

Acute illness - meaning it is short-term and must be treated immediately.

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7
Q

what is an outpatient setting? what is it also called/known as?

A

AKA ambulatory care, it does not require the patient to stay overnight. It is common for surgery.

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8
Q

Patients can be treated and _____ (allowed to leave the facility) or they are _____ (checked in to receive inpatient care).

A

discharged; admitted

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9
Q

what are long-term care facilities?

A

Businesses that provide skilled care 24 hrs/day for the residents who live in the facilities. Examples can be for dementia care, assisted living, etc.

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10
Q

what is subacute care?

A

Subacute care is inpatient care for patients who require more care than can be provided in their home but do not need to be in a hospital.

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11
Q

what are clinical laboratories? what are they also called/known as?

A

AKA medical laboratories or diagnostic laboratories.
They are key to both inpatient and outpatient healthcare.

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12
Q

what do clinical laboratories do? where are they usually located?

A

-They collect and analyze specimens from patients in order to provide doctors and other healthcare professionals with info used for routine screening, to diagnose illness, etc.
-These labs can be located inside a hospital or other healthcare facility, or they can be separate.

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13
Q

what is a phlebotomist/phlebotomy technician/PBT?

A

A healthcare worker whose primary duty is to collect blood specimens

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14
Q

define specimens

A

they are also called samples; they can be blood, urine, stool, sputum (mucus coughed up from lungs), and body cells.

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15
Q

what are reference laboratories?

A

these labs don’t collect specimens, but they analyze them

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16
Q

what does CLIA stand for? what is it?

A

Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments:
Labs in the US must meet standards listed in CLIA to make sure patients receive the best quality care and that their lab rests are performed safety and accurately.
CLIA includes educational requirements and rules for handling patients’ specimens.

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17
Q

do labs have to be accredited?

A

Labs may be accredited but it is not required. This means that they are officially approved by independent organizations - an example is The Joint Commission.

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17
Q

what is an example of an independent organization that approves/accredits labs? AKA what is a common accrediting agency?

A

The Joint Commission

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18
Q

What are the 9 departments within a laboratory?

A

Chemistry, Hematology, Microbiology, Immunology, Blood bank/Immunohematology, Pathology, Cytology, Urinalylsis, STAT.

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19
Q

what does the chemistry department of the lab do?

A

It analyzes blood and other specimens for the presence of particular chemicals.

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20
Q

what does the hematology department of the lab do?

A

It studies blood, blood diseases, and coagulation.

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21
Q

define coagulation

A

the process of blood clotting

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22
Q

what does the microbiology department of the lab do?

A

It studies microorganisms. Blood and other specimens can be cultured.

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23
Q

define microorganisms

A

living things so small that they can only be seen under a microscope

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24
Q

define the science term ‘cultured ‘

A

when microorganisms present are caused to multiply

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25
Q

what does the immunology department of the lab do?

A

When blood and other body fluids are tested for different factors like antibodies.

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26
Q

define antibodies

A

part of the body’s response to foreign material like bacteria or viruses

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27
Q

what does the blood bank/immunohematology department of the lab do?

A

It collects and prepares blood for transfusion

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28
Q

what does the Stat department of the lab do?

A

When tests need to be performed urgently/immediately.

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29
Q

what is the chain of command?

A

For example with phlebotomists,
when PBTs carry out instructions given to them by their supervisors. The supervisors act on the instructions of a physician, lab director, or other member.

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30
Q

define scope of practice

A

It defines the tasks that healthcare workers are allowed to perform according to the state, law, or facility rules.

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31
Q

what are PBTs role?

A

to draw and process blood specimens. These specimens of a pt’s blood may be needed for routine screening, for medications for diseases (like cancer, heart disease, and diabetes), and to measure the effect of some medications.

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32
Q

define venipuncture

A

the puncture of a vein with a hollow needle.

33
Q

T/F: most blood specimens are collected through venipuncture

A

TRUE

34
Q

what are veins?

A

blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart

35
Q

some blood specimens are taken from ______ instead of veins

A

capillaries

36
Q

what are capillaries?

A

capillaries are tiny blood vessels just beneath the skin

37
Q

what is capillary puncture? what is another name for it?

A

Capillary puncture, AKA dermal puncture, is when specimens are collected by puncturing the pt’s skin, usually on a fingertip for adults and children, or a heel for infants.

38
Q

most of the time, what is the only scope of practice for PBTs?

A

The collection of blood specimens through venipuncture and capillary (dermal) puncture

39
Q

define policy

A

the course of action that should be taken every time a certain situation occurs

40
Q

define procedure

A

a method, or way or doing something

41
Q

what is a requisition?

A

a testing order form

42
Q

what is quality assurance?

A

it makes sure care is being provided according to facility policy and procedures

43
Q

what is quality control?

A

it is a part of quality assurance, it is a set of processes put into place to document that standards are being met

44
Q

what is Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)?

A

a nonprofit organization that works with government agencies and healthcare providers and institutions to develop standards of practice for labs worldwide

45
Q

what is certification?

A

the process used in healthcare to ensure skills are mastered for particular positions

46
Q

what is clinical experience?

A

hands-on practice with patients

47
Q

what is continuing education?

A

AKA in-service education keeps healthcare workers up to date on changes in medicine that affect their job

48
Q

define liability

A

a legal term that means someone can be held responsible for harming someone

49
Q

define urinalysis

A

this department performs various tests on urine, including visual inspection, microscopic inspection, and chemical testing. Urine may be tested to diagnose illnesses or part of the management of various illnesses or conditions.

50
Q

define cytology

A

this department specializes in the examination of the structure and function of cells. In a clinical laboratory, cells are studied for signs of disease.

51
Q

define pathology

A

pathology is the study of the causes and effects of disease. This department studies body tissues and other specimens to determine the presence or progress of disease.

52
Q

hemoconcentration leads to…

A

hemolysis

53
Q

Medicare and Medicaid are considered…

A

Healthcare payers

54
Q

Which of the following is true of freestanding emergency rooms?
a. They are usually staffed by nurses, with a physician available on call.
b. They are not subject to regulation by state or federal governments.
c. They are required to operate as satellites of established hospitals.
d. They usually have more medical equipment and services available than urgent care centers.

A

d. They usually have more medical equipment and services available than urgent care centers.

55
Q

What laboratory department would be responsible for testing how quickly a patient’s blood clots?

A

Hematology

56
Q

Which of the following is a task only a doctor, PA, or NP can perform?
a. Measuring vital signs
b. Recording a patient’s medical history
c. Making a diagnosis
d. Performing an ECG

A

c. Making a diagnosis

57
Q

Which of the following is true about employers who hire phlebotomists?
a. Only hospitals hire PBTs
b. Only diagnostic labs hire PBTs
c. Only Dr.’s offices hire PBTs
d. Healthcare facilities, labs, and insurance companies hire PBTs.

A

d. Healthcare facilities, labs, and insurance companies hire PBTs.

58
Q

_____ is beyond the scope of practice for a PBT:
a. Collecting a urine sample
b. Swabbing a pt’s cheek to collect a cell specimen
c. Drawing from an intravenous port
d. Answering pt questions about a blood draw such as “how many tubes of blood will you be collecting?” or “where will you draw the blood from?”

A

c. Drawing from an intravenous port

59
Q

what is the term for a course of action that should be taken every time a certain situation occurs?

A

Policy

60
Q

which of the following exemplifies continuous quality improvement for a PBT?
a. Accurately guessing a pt diagnosis based on the tests ordered
b. Following procedures carefully to obtain a high-quality specimen
c. Saving time for supervisors by performing tests on pt specimens without being asked to do so
d. Streamlining facility procedures by eliminating time-consuming steps

A

b. Following procedures carefully to obtain a high-quality specimen

61
Q

Clinical experience for a PBT in training must include:
a. Performing venipuncture and capillary puncture procedures
b. Observing venipuncture and dermal puncture procedures, but not performing them
c. Taking written or computer-based tests
d. Observing surgeries

A

a. Performing venipuncture and capillary puncture procedures

62
Q

Which of the following is true about certification for PBTs?
a. There is one national certification agency
b. The federal government regulates phlebotomy technician certification
c. Costs and requirements for certification are the same across all agencies
d. Different certification agencies have different requirements for clinical experiences

A

d. Different certification agencies have different requirements for clinical experiences.

This is because PBT certification is run by the state, not federal. But different agencies within the state can have different rules and clinical requirements.

63
Q

A PBT notices that a pt is biting her lip and breathing deeply. He tells the pt “Having blood drawn can be nerve-wracking. Would it help if we took a few minutes to relax?”. What is the PBT demonstrating?

A

empathy

64
Q

Which of these professional behaviors is also a legal requirement for PBTs?
a. Not discussing personal subjects with patients
b. Keeping all pt’s info confidential
c. Not using personal phones in pt care areas
d. Not discussing controversial subjects like politics or religion with pts

A

b. Keeping all pt’s info confidential

65
Q

why should PBTs not wear artificial nails or nail wraps?

A

Because they can harbor bacteria

66
Q

One reason a PBT should organize their supplies before beginning a blood draw is that:
a. specimens must be collected in a particular order
b. pt’s find this reassuring
c. supervisors might be watching and want to see that the PBT is organized
d. this prevents other PBTS from taking needed supplies during the course of the draw

A

a. specimens must be collected in a particular order

67
Q

Causes of stress are:
a. the same for all people
b. are always negative situations
c. are different for different people
d. are situations that cannot be changed or managed

A

c. are different for different people

68
Q

compared to the job growth predicted for most other positions, job growth for PBTs is:
a. much higher (many more jobs)
b. a little bit higher
c. lower (fewer jobs)
d. about the same

A

a. much higher (many more jobs)

69
Q

what do increases in the number of elderly people in the population mean for healthcare workers?
a. there a fewer jobs as these pts require less care than younger pts
b. work is easier as care for elderly pts is less complicated
c. there are more jobs as these pts are in particular need of care
d. there may be less time to care for younger pts

A

c. there are more jobs as these pts are in particular need of care

70
Q

what usually happens after a pt is seen in an ED? (emergency department)
a. the pt stays in the ED until her issue is resolved
b. the pt is transferred to the care of her primary care physician
c. the pt is sent home with instructions to return for follow-up
d. the pt is either treated and discharged, or admitted to the hospital for treatment

A

d. the pt is either treated and discharged, or admitted to the hospital for treatment

71
Q

where do patients receive inpatient care?
a. at a dr’s office
b. at a public health clinic
c. at an urgent care center
d. at a hospital

A

d. at a hospital

72
Q

what do clinical laboratories all have in common?
a. they analyze specimens mailed to them from other facilities
b. they employ a large number of PBTs and medical technicians
c. they collect AND analyze specimens from patients
d. they can perform tests at all levels of complexity

A

c. they collect AND analyze specimens from patients

73
Q

which of the following is a list of some common departments within a clinical laboratory?
a. chemistry, hematology, microbiology, immunology.
b. maternity, oncology, cardiology, neurology.
c. inpatient, outpatient, acute, ambulatory.
d. directors, managers, consultants, technicians

A

a. chemistry, hematology, microbiology, immunology.

74
Q

what is the name of a legally required process that must be completed to practice a medical profession in a state?
a. graduation
b. application
c. examination
d. licensure

A

d. licensure

75
Q

the primary role of a PBT is:
a. greet pts when they arrive at a facility
b. collect and process blood specimens
c. discuss blood tests and possible diagnoses with patients
d. interpret the results of blood tests

A

b. collect and process blood specimens

76
Q

Dermal puncture may also be called…

A

capillary puncture

77
Q

the requirement that PBTs only collect blood for tests ordered through a facility’s requisition process is an example of a…
a. procedure
b. guideline
c. suggestion
d. policy

A

d. policy

78
Q

a high-quality PBT certification program will require:
a. only online instruction
b. proof of observation of a certain number of blood draws, both venipuncture and capillary puncture.
c. proof of performance of a certain number of venipuncture and capillary puncture of dummy arms/hands
d. proof of venipuncture of a certain number of venipuncture and capillary puncture blood draws on people

A

d. proof of venipuncture of a certain number of venipuncture and capillary puncture blood draws on people

79
Q

what is part of planning PBTs must do to manage their time properly?
a. decide which tests to order for patients
b. check to ensure they have all supplies needed for each pt
c. decide whether to make pts with a large number of tests ordered wait until pts with fewer tests are taken care of
d. decide which patients should be asked to returned the next day

A

b. check to ensure they have all supplies needed for each pt

80
Q

what type of laboratory does NOT collect specimens, but only analyzes them?

A

reference laboratories

Phlebotomy (12 decks)

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