Chapter 2

Question 1

what is the difference between ethics and laws?

Answer 1

ethics tell people what they should do, whereas laws tell them what they must do

Question 2

what does HIPAA stand for?

Answer 2

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability

Question 3

what does PHI stand for?

Answer 3

Protected Health Information

Question 4

what does CMS stand for?

Answer 4

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services

Question 5

what are CLIA waived tests?

Answer 5

waived tests that are simple and there is little risk of error

Question 6

Many CLIA tests are point-of-care tests. What does this mean?

Answer 6

This means that the testing is done near or in the presence of the patient, but not all point-of-care tests are CLIA waived, and not all can be performed by PBTs

Question 7

what is the difference between criminal law and civil law?

Answer 7

Criminal law harms the public, whereas civil law deals with disputes between individuals.
Violations in criminal law are called crimes, whereas violations of civil law are called torts.

Question 8

what are torts?

Answer 8

civil offenses

Question 9

all healthcare workers are mandated reporters. What does this mean?

Answer 9

Mandated reporters are legally required to report suspected or observed abuse and neglect.

Question 10

what is informed consent?

Answer 10

When the patient acknowledges that they understand the treatment they will receive, and agrees to receive it.

Question 11

informed consent is a form of _____ content. what does this mean?

Answer 11

Informed consent is a form of express content. This means that the patient is able to actively, and consciously acknowledge their agreement to treatment.

Question 12

If a patient signed a general consent form, can they still refuse to get their blood drawn?

Answer 12

YES, they can still refuse it and PBTs should not go forward with the blood draw

Question 13

what is the rule with minors and consent?

Answer 13

Minors need their parent/guardian’s consent AND they need to be present when taking the minors blood.

Question 14

what is implied consent?

Answer 14

Implied consent is when a patient is temporarily unable to provide express consent, so healthcare workers can provide care that a “reasonable person” would consent to in order to protect the patient’s life and well-being.

Question 15

what is battery?

Answer 15

intentional touching of another person without permission (ex. drawing blood from a patient who does not consent)

Question 16

what is assault?

Answer 16

the use of words or actions to cause another person to feel fearful of being harmed

Question 17

what does AHA stand for?

Answer 17

American Hosptial Association

Question 18

define advanced directives

Answer 18

legal documents that allow patients to decide what medical care they wish to have in the event they are unable to make that decision themselves

Question 19

what are 2 types of advanced directives?

Answer 19

-Living will: aka directive to physicians and health care directive; this document outlines specific medical care a person wants or does not want to receive.
-Do-not-resuscitate (DNR): another type of advanced directive that indicates that the patient does not wish for medical professionals to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the event of cardiac or respiratory arrest.

Question 20

what is negligence?

Answer 20

negligence is a civil offense describing actions, or the failure to act, that result in injury to a patient. An example of negligence is a phlebotomist unintentionally damaging a patient’s nerves during a blood draw due to improper technique.

Question 21

what is abuse?

Answer 21

abuse is purposeful mistreatment that causes physical, mental, or emotional pain or injury to someone. Rough handling of a patient is considered abuse.

Question 22

how are law and ethics related?

Answer 22

laws are usually based on ethics

Question 23

which of the following details would be considered protected health information?
a. a pts hair color
b. a pts nationality
c. a pts political party
d. a pts email address

Answer 23

d. a pts email address

Question 24

HIPAA applies to…
a. all healthcare workers
b. only licensed healthcare workers
c. only healthcare workers in public facilities
d. only nurses

Answer 24

a. all healthcare workers

Question 25

Which of the following best describes a CLIA waived test?
a. A test of moderate complexity that can be performed by a medical technician in a laboratory.
b. a test of high complexity that requires specific machinery.
c. a test of low complexity that can be performed with little risk of error.
d. a test of high complexity that must be performed by a doctor of PhD scientist

Answer 25

c. a test of low complexity that can be performed with little risk of error.

Question 26

Which of the following is true of implied consent?
a. a pt giving implied consent by directly affirming that he understands and consents to treatment.
b. implied consent can never apply when a pt is conscious.
c. implied consent is communicated by signing a consent document.
d. implied consent can be more difficult to document or prove than informed, express consent.

Answer 26

d. implied consent can be more difficult to document or prove than informed, express consent.

Question 27

This is a circumstance in which blood might be legally drawn from a pt w/out the pt’s informed, express consent:
a. when an officer of the law suspects a driver to be under the influence of alcohol.
b. when a patient refuses a blood test that relates to a life-or-death diagnosis.
c. when a pt who is cognitively impaired but judged legally competent to make her own decisions refuses a test that the PBT thinks she needs
d. when a healthcare worker may have been exposed to an illness but refuses a test to determine infection status

Answer 27

a. when an officer of the law suspects a driver to be under the influence of alcohol.

Question 28

The Patient Care Partnership:
a. Is a set of federal guidelines designed to ensure high-quality patient care
b. Is a proposal made by medical schools to guarantee the rights of patients in teaching hospitals
c. Is a set of principles hospitals must follow in order to be reimbursed by insurance companies
d. Is the most recent version of the American Hospital Association’s Patients Bill of Rights

Answer 28

d. Is the most recent version of the American Hospital Association’s Patients Bill of Rights

Question 29

Which of the following is a type of advance directive?
a. An acknowledgment of privacy policies
b. A do-no-resuscitate order
c. An informed consent document
d. An authorization to release records

Answer 29

b. A do-no-resuscitate order

Question 30

What is one of the reasons governments establish laws?
A. To ensure order and safety
B. To prevent citizens from making independent choices
C. To create jobs for police officers
D. To raise money through fines when people break laws

Answer 30

A. To ensure order and safety

Question 31

A PBT drew blood from a patient daily during an extended hospital stay. The patient offers the PBT a gift on the day she is discharged. Which of the following is true?
a. It is illegal for the PBT to accept the gift
b. It is unethical for the PBT to accept the gift
c. There is no legal or ethical reason for the PBT to decline the gift

Answer 31

b. It is unethical for the PBT to accept the gift

Question 32

What should a PBT do if he finds a requisition sheet sitting on a counter in a breakroom?
a. Shred the form
b. Throw the form in the break room trash can
c. Give the form to a nurse/supervisor
d. Find the pt’s file and place the form inside

Answer 32

c. Give the form to a nurse/supervisor

Question 33

CLIA waived tests can be performed by the following healthcare personnel:
a. Any healthcare personnel who have been trained to perform them
b. Medical technicians only
c. Nurses and medical technicians only
d. Physicians, NPs, and PAs only

Answer 33

a. Any healthcare personnel who have been trained to perform them

Question 34

Which of the following is one of the American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science’s goals for quality laboratory testing?
a. Perform tests with minimal pt wait
b. Perform tests with no patient pain
c. Produce healing for the patient
d. Produce accurate test results

Answer 34

d. Produce accurate test results

Question 35

Which of the following could be considered libel?
a. A PBT writes in a pt’s chart “pt is tough to stick and has it in for PBTs. beware!”
b. a PBT writes in a pt chart “not able to complete venipuncture, alerted supervisor”
c. a PBT makes a formal written report of verbally abusive behavior on a pt’s chart
d. A PBT says to a coworker “that patient was a nightmare!”

Answer 35

a. A PBT writes in a pt’s chart “pt is tough to stick and has it in for PBTs. beware!”

Question 36

Which of the following is true?
a. A signed general consent form means a PBT can draw blood from a pt no matter what.
b. A signed general consent form includes consent for blood draws, but the pt may still decline the procedure.
c. A signed general consent form does not extend to blood draws.
d. A signed general consent form means a pt can never decline any procedure ordered by a physician

Answer 36

b. A signed general consent form includes consent for blood draws, but the pt may still decline the procedure.

Question 37

Which area of the Patient Care Partnership relates directly to infection prevention and control?
a. Involvement in your care
b. Protection of your privacy
c. High-quality hospital care
d. A clean and safe environment

Answer 37

d. A clean and safe environment

Question 38

A(n) _____ is an example of an advance directive:
a. laboratory requisition
b. DNR order
c. general consent form
d. incident report

Answer 38

b. DNR order

Question 39

Which of the following shows respect for pt’s rights?
a. Always drawing blood from the arm the PBT is most comfortable using.
b. Asking pt’s which are they would prefer for the blood draw.
c. Not describing procedures so as not to alarm anxious patients.
d. Doing and saying everything possible to convince a reluctant patient to have blood drawn

Answer 39

b. Asking pt’s which are they would prefer for the blood draw.

Question 40

what is the difference between slander and libel?

Answer 40

Slander is defamatory or untrue SPOKEN statements, whereas libel is defamatory or untrue WRITTEN statements (about patients).