Chapter 7 Flashcards
Which of the following refers to the territory, subject matter, or people over which a court or other justice agency may exercise lawful authority, as determined by statute or constitution?
Jurisdiction
Which of the following is the lawful authority of a court to hear or act on a case from its beginning and to pass judgement on the law and the facts?
Original jurisdiction
Which of the following refers to the law authority of a court to review a decision made by a lower court?
Appellate jurisdiction
Which of the following refers to cases that are retried on appeal?
Trial de novo
Which of the following is the court authorized by law to hear the final appeal on a matter?
Court of last resort
Which of the following refers to the request that a court with appellate jurisdiction reviews the judgment, decision, or order of a lower court and sets it aside or modifies it?
Appeal
Which of the following is the coordinator who assists with case-flow management, operating funds budgeting, and court docket administration?
State court administrator
Which of the following is an informal hearing place designed to mediate interpersonal disputes without resorting to the more formal arrangements of a criminal trial court?
Appeal
Which of the following is a low-lovel court that focuses on quality of life crimes that erode a neighborhood’s morale?
Community court
Which of the following refers to the power of a court to review actions and decisions made by other agencies of government?
Judicial review
Which of the following is an appearance before a magistrate during which the legality of the defendant’s arrest is initially assessed and the defendant is informed of the charges on which he or she is being brought?
First appearance
Which of the following refers to the release of an accused person from custody, for all or part of the time before or during prosecution, upon his or her promise to appear in court when required?
Pretrial release
Which of the following is a document guaranteeing the appearance of a defendant in court as required and recording the pledge of money or property to be paid to the court if he or she does not appear?
Bail bond
Which of the following refers to the pretrial release of a criminal defendant on his or her written promise to appear in court as required?
Release on recognizance
Which of the following refers to the the setting of bail in the form of land, houses, stocks, or other tangible property?
Property bond
Which of the following is a law intended to prevent the pretrial release of criminal defendants judged to represent a danger to others in the community?
Danger law
Which of the following is a finding by the court when the defendant’s sanity at the time of trial is at issue?
Competent to stand trial
Which of the following is, in criminal proceedings, the defendant’s formal answer in court to the charge contained in a complaint, information, or indictment that he or she is guilty of the offense charged, is not guilty of the offense charged, or does not contest the charge?
Plea
Which of the following refers to a plea of “no contest”?
Nolo contendere
Which of the following is the process of negotiating an agreement among the defendant, the prosecutor, and the court as to an appropriate plea and associated sentence in a given case?
Plea bargaining
Grand juries meet in secret, and a person under investigation has no legal right to be present or even to be notified of a grand jury investigation.
True
The federal court system consists of three tiers, namely the US District Courts, the US Courts of Appeal, and the US Supreme Court.
True
Federal judges are usually elected officials who then serve life terms on the bench.
False
The case of Marbury v. Madison, decided in 1803, was the first instance in which the US Supreme Court declared its authority to review the actions of Congress that it found to conflict with the Constitution.
True
In the 1993 case of Herrera v. Collins, the US Supreme Court ruled that new evidence of innocence is not sufficient reason for a federal court to order a new state trial if there are no constitutional grounds for appeal.
True
The US Supreme Court has ruled that plea bargaining is an important and necessary component of the American system of justice.
True
The jurisdiction of a court can refer to the territory, subject matter, or persons over which a court may lawfully exercise its authority.
Ture
The court administrator of the federal court system is the Administrative Office of the United States Courts.
True
Courts have generally upheld the notion that suspects cannot be detained indefinitely and that defendants must be brought before a magistrate for the first appearance within 48 hours of arrest.
True
Dispute resolution centers are generally not allowed to mediate disputes when criminal charges are pending against either of the disputants.
False
The dual court system is a product of a US Supreme Court decision.
False
Pennsylvania began its colonial existence with the belief that “every man could serve as his own lawyer”.
True
High level appellate courts are referred to as “the court of no return”.
False
A typical task of a state court administrator is the preparation, presentation, and monitoring of a budge for the state court system.
True
A Dispute Resolution Center issues fines and jail time for its victims.
False
Federal district courts have original jurisdiction over all cases involving alleged violations of federal statutes.
True
US District Courts handle about 10 million cases per year.
False
The US Supreme Court is composed of nine justices.
True
Following arrest, most defendants do not come into contact with an officer of the court until their trial date.
False
In the case of Henderson v Morgan, the US Supreme Court permitted a defendant to withdraw a plea of guilty nine years after it had been given.
True
