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Care and Prevention of Injuries > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Litigation regarding equipment

A

Must foresee all uses and misuses and warn user against potential risks inherent in equipment misuse

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2
Q

If equipment results in injury because of a defect or inadequacy of its intended use, who is liable?

A

the manufacturer

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3
Q

If equipment is modified, who becomes liable?

A

the modifier becomes liable

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4
Q

If an athletic trainer’s modification results in injury who becomes liable?

A

the AT and the institution are subject to a suit (tort)

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5
Q

Who established voluntary testing standards in an effort to reduce head injuries?

A

National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment

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6
Q

NOCSAE helmet standard

A
  • Not a warranty
  • Indicates that helmet met requirements of performance tests when manufactured/re-conditioned
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7
Q

Helmets should undergo regular what?

A

recertification and reconditioning

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8
Q

What are examples of off-the-shelf equipment?

A

Neoprene sleeves, inserts, and ankle braces

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9
Q

Who develops standards for football helmet certification?

A

NOCSAE

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10
Q

While helmets must be certified, they may not always be what?

A

fail-safe

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11
Q

All helmets must have what visible on their exterior?

A

warning label

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12
Q

What does the warning on helmets indicate?

A

Label indicates that helmet should not be used to strike an opponent due to risk of injury

Also indicates risk of accidental injury and that athletes play at their own risk while using the helmet

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13
Q

What must athletes do to indicate that they are aware of the risks and what the label indicates?

A

The athlete reads and signs a statement regarding warning label

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14
Q

Football helmets design

A

Football helmets generally have air- or fluid-filled pockets to absorb force

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15
Q

Who approves ice hockey helmets?

A

Canadian Standards Association or the Hockey Equipment Certification Council

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16
Q

Ice hockey helmets must withstand what?

A

high velocity impacts (stick or puck) and high-mass-low-velocity impacts

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17
Q

Baseball helmets must carry what institutions label?

A

NOCSAE stamp

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18
Q

Cycling helmets are designed to do what?

A

\protect head during one single impact

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19
Q

Lacrosse helmet requirements: men and women

A

Required for all male lacrosse players

Women’s lacrosse only requires protective eye guard

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20
Q

Lacrosse helmet design

A

Made of hard plastic with wire mesh face guard

Designed to absorb repeated impact from hard, high velocity projectiles

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21
Q

How is a lacrosse goalie’s helmet different?

A

Goalie helmet add throat protector

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22
Q

Soccer headgear

A

Designed to reduce incidence of concussions due to heading ball

Consists of headband with foam padding

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23
Q

How many categories of face protection are there?

A

-four

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24
Q

Who is most at risk of throat injuries?

A

Baseball catchers, lacrosse goalies, and ice hockey goalies

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25
Q

What are the three types of mouth guards?

A

Stock

Commercial (formed following submersion in water)

Custom (fabricated from dental mold)

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26
Q

Who usually utilizes ear guards?

A

Wrestling, water polo, and boxing utilize to prevent ear irritation and ultimately deformity of ears

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27
Q

When are eye and glasses guards necessary?

A

Necessary in sports with fast moving projectiles

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28
Q

Neck primarily serves as what?

A

Serve primarily as a reminder to athlete to be cautious rather than providing definitive restrictions

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29
Q

Trunk and Thorax Protection protects what parts of the body?

A
  • External genitalia, bony protuberances, shoulders, ribs, and spine
30
Q

What are the two types of football shoulder pads?

A

Cantilevered and
Noncantilevered

31
Q

Cantilevered

A

Bulkier and used by those engaged in blocking and tackling

32
Q

Non cantilevered

A

Do not restrict motion (quarterback and receivers)

33
Q

What are the rules of fitting for football shoulder pads?

A

Width of shoulders must be measured

Inside of pad should cover tip of shoulder in line with lateral aspect of shoulder

Epaulets and cups must cover deltoid and allow motion

Neck opening must allow athlete to raise arms over head without pads sliding forward and back

With split-clavicle pads, channel for top of shoulder must be in proper position

Straps underneath arms should hold pads firmly in place without soft tissue restriction

34
Q

Sports bras are designed to do what?

A

Most designed to minimize excessive vertical and horizontal movements that occur with running and jumping

35
Q

To be effective sports bras must do what?

A

should hold breasts to chest, preventing stretching of Cooper’s ligament

36
Q

Non-supportive bras can cause what?

A

rubbing and abrading of skin and nipples due to constriction

37
Q

What are the types of sports bras?

A
  • Compressive (Bind breasts to chest wall - for medium-size breasts)
  • Support (Heavy duty with additional upward support for larger breasts)
  • Lightweight elastic (Since compression and support is not as critical for smaller breasts)
38
Q

Thorax and Rib Protection

A

Thorax protectors and rib belts

Protect against external forces

Air-inflated interconnected cylinders (jacket design)

39
Q

Hips and Buttocks Protection

A

Required in collision and high-velocity sports

Boxing, snow skiers, equestrians, jockeys, and water skiers

Girdle and belt types

40
Q

Groin and Genitalia Protection

A
  • Sports involving high-velocity projectiles
  • Require cup protection for male participants
  • Stock item that fits into jockstrap or athletic supporter
41
Q

Types of socks

A
  • Cotton can be bulky
  • Cotton/polyblend are lighter and dry faster
42
Q

Guidelines for shoe selection: Toes box

A

Space for toes (1/2 to 3/4 inch of space from toes to front of shoe)

43
Q

Guidelines for shoe selection: Sole

A

Provide shock absorption and durable:

  • Spongy layer to absorb force
  • Midsole that cushions midfoot and toes
  • Hard rubber that contacts the ground
44
Q

Guidelines for shoe selection: Shoe Uppers

A

Top of shoe made with combination of materials, designed for appropriate ventilation, drying, and support

45
Q

Guidelines for shoe selection: Shank

A

Part of sole between the heel and metatarsal heads

46
Q

Guidelines for shoe selection: Last

A

Form on which shoe is built; may be straight (good for pronators), semi-curved, or curved (good for supinators)

47
Q

Guidelines for shoe selection: Arch support

A

Durable but soft and supportive to foot

48
Q

Shoe fitting requirements

A

Should break at widest part coinciding with ball of foot

Must also consider width of shank, non-yielding nature of sole and function of arch support

49
Q

Cleated/specialty shoes

A

Made of polyurethane, rubber, or metal

50
Q

Foot Orthotics

A

Device for correcting biomechanical problems that exist in foot that can cause injury

51
Q

Heel Cups

A

Hard plastic or spongy rubber used to help compress fat pad, providing more cushion during weight bearing

52
Q

Heel cups are used for what conditions/injuries?

A

Used for a variety of conditions including plantar fasciitis, heel spurs, Achilles tendonitis, and heel bursitis

53
Q

Shin and Lower Leg protection

A

Anterior aspect of leg is exposed to direct blows

Commercially marketed, hard molded shin guards are used in field hockey and soccer

54
Q

Thigh and Upper Leg protection

A

Necessary in collision sports

Pads slip into ready-made uniform pockets

Neoprene sleeves can also be used for support of injuries

55
Q

Knee Braces

A

Used prophylactically to prevent injuries to medial collateral ligament

56
Q

What are the three types of knee braces?

A

Rehabilitative
Functional
Neoprene (with medial and lateral support)

57
Q

Rehabilitative knee braces:

A

Widely used following surgery

Allows controlled progressive
immobilization

Adjustable

58
Q

Neoprene (with medial and lateral support)

A

Used by those who have sustained collateral ligament injuries

Some are also used to provide support in those who have patellofemoral conditions

59
Q

Elbow, Wrist, and Hand Protection

A

While the elbow is less commonly injured, it is susceptible to instability, contusions, and muscle strain

60
Q

An athletic trainer should be able to design and construct what?

A

protective devices

61
Q

What are the soft materials?

A
  • Gauze
  • Cotton
  • Adhesive felt
  • Felt
  • Foam
62
Q

Gauze

A

Versatile and can be used for protection or absorption

63
Q

Cotton

A

Cheapest and more widely used (absorbent, holds emollients, and offers mild padding

64
Q

Adhesive felt

A

(moleskin and spongy rubber)

65
Q

Felt

A
  • Matted wool fibers pressed in a variety of thicknesses
66
Q

Non-Yielding Materials

A

Thermomoldable plastics and Casting Materials

67
Q

Thermomoldable plastics

A

Used in orthotics, braces, splints, and for shielding body parts

Casting, support for foot, and protection from contusions

68
Q

Thermomoldable plastics
types

A

Heat forming - Heat can be molded (Orthoplast)

Heat plastic foams - Different densities due to the addition of liquids, gas, or crystals

69
Q

Casting Materials

A

Fiberglass is the material of choice, which uses resin and catalytic converter plus water to produce hardening

Effective shell for splinting and padding

70
Q

Tools for Customizing

A
  • Adhesives
  • Adhesive tapes
  • Heat Source
  • Shaping Tools
  • Fastening material
71
Q

Dynamic Splints

A

Used for injuries to the hands and fingers

Provides long duration tension on healing structures

Combination of thermomoldable plastic, elastic, and Velcro

Care and Prevention of Injuries (7 decks)

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