Chapter 7 Flashcards
Behavior that violates norms and arouses negative social reactions.
deviance
Behavior that violates criminal laws.
crime
The ways in which society prevents and sanctions behavior that violates social norms.
social control
The view that certain characteristics of neighborhoods and communities influence the likelihood of committing deviance and crime.
social ecology approach
The weakening of social bonds and conventional social institutions in a community.
social disorganization
Robert Merton’s view that deviance is caused by a failure to achieve the American goal of financial success through the conventional means of working.
strain theory
Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin’s view that differential access to illegitimate means helps determine the types of deviance in which poor people engage.
differential opportunity theory
Albert Cohen’s view that delinquency results from school failure and the concomitant need to regain self-esteem by being successful in delinquent activities.
status frustration theory
Walter Millers term for the key values of lower-clas subcultures.
focal concerns
Marvin Wolfgang and Franco Ferracuti’s term for the value system of poor, urban neighborhoods that calls for violent responses to insults and other interpersonal problems.
subculture of violence
Travis Hirschi’s view that deviance results from weak bonds to conventional social institutions, such as the family and schools.
social control theory
Edwin Sutherland’s view that deviance stems from interacting with primary group members who commit deviance and have values conducive to deviance.
differential association theory
The view that extralegal factors affect whether someone acquires a deviant label and that being labeled deviant increases the chances of future deviance.
labeling theory
The FBI’s regular compilation of crime statistics, most of them on Index Crimes.
Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)
The FBI’s term for the major crimes included in the Uniform Crime Reports, including homicide, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft, and arson.
Pari I Offenses
