Chapter 1 Flashcards

(28 cards)

1
Q

The degree to which people succeed in life in such areas as education, income, and health.

A

life chance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A general term for social backgrounds and other aspects of society.

A

social environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The scientific study of social behavior and social institutions.

A

sociology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The belief that people’s social backgrounds influence their attitudes, behaviors, and life chances.

A

sociological perspective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A group of people who live within a defined territory and who share a culture.

A

society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

From Peter L. Berger, a theme of sociology in which the aim is to go beyond superficial understandings of social reality.

A

debunking motif

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The social patterns through which society is organized.

A

social structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The social relationships and social and physical characteristics of communities to which individuals belong.

A

horizontal social structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A term used interchangeably with social inequality.

A

vertical social structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The unequal distribution of resources, such as wealth, that a society values.

A

social inequality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

C. Wright Mills’s term for the personal problems that many individuals experience.

A

personal troubles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

C. Wright Mills’s term for problems in society that underlie personal troubles.

A

public issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

From C. Wright Mills, the realization that personal troubles are rooted in public issues.

A

sociological imagination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The belief that people experiencing difficulties are to blame for these problems.

A

blaming the victim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The belief that personal difficulties stem from problems in society.

A

blaming the system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The part of sociology that deals with issues involving large-scale social change and social institutions.

A

macrosociology

17
Q

That part of sociology that deals with social interaction in small settings.

A

microsociology

18
Q

The view that social institutions are important for their contributions to social stability.

A

functionalism

19
Q

From Emile Durkheim, the combined norms of society.

A

collective conscience

20
Q

Normlessness, a state in which social norms are unclear.

21
Q

The view that society is composed of groups with different interests arising from their placement in the social structure.

A

conflict theory

22
Q

The ruling class.

23
Q

The working class.

24
Q

Awareness of one’s placement in the social structure and the interests arising from this placement.

A

class consciousness

25
The view that society is filled with gender inequality characterized by women being the subordinate sex in the social, political, and economic dimensions of society.
feminist theory
26
A micro perspective in sociology that focuses on the meanings people gain from social interaction.
symbolic interactionism
27
The view that people interact so as to maximize their benefits and minimize their disadvantages.
utilitarianism
28
Utilitarianism
exchange theory and rational choice theory