Chapter 7

Question 1

Social Stratification

Answer 1

1. is a trait of society, not simply a reflection of individual differences, those at the bottom aren’t always least capable
2. carries over from generation to generation, kids in upper class reap benefits and continues on, born into it and die in it
3. is universal but variable, exists across all cultures and time but intensity varies
4. involves not just inequality but beliefs as well, justification, believe ones at the bottom are inferior, functionalism, best are at the top

Question 2

Caste System

Answer 2

Social levels are closed, individuals remain at the social level of their birth throughout life. Specific roles in a society with tight rules over the relationships among castes, born into caste and stay there, used to have to marry within caste

Question 3

Class Society

Answer 3

Members of a given social class share a common economic standing and
lifestyle

Question 4

Class

Answer 4

distinctions among groups of people based on income, occupation, and education, 5 categories

Question 5

Upward mobility

Answer 5

climbing up the economic latter

Question 6

Downward mobility

Answer 6

falling down the economic ladder

Question 7

Functional Perspective

Answer 7

Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore, Most functionally important positions require more skill, talent, and training than others and suffer from scarcity of personnel. Society offers rewards ensure most
important jobs are filled conscientiously by most competent people. Harder jobs deserve an unequal reward

Question 8

Meritocracy

Answer 8

class is based on capabilities, functionalism

Question 9

Critiques of Functionalism

Answer 9

Rewards not always representative of relative worth to society. May limit discovery of talent. Those born to privilege are given fuller opportunities. Others limited by poor schooling, little money, and lack of networks

Question 10

Conflict Perspective

Answer 10

Karl Marx: conflict exists between workers
and capitalists
Those who have power use stratification to create conditions that favor them and their children, even if they are detrimental
to the lower classes or exploitative. Those at top are not always best and brightest, people can’t move up, only top benefits

Question 11

Income

Answer 11

money received in exchange for services or investments, tope 20% bring in over half of income

Question 12

Wealth

Answer 12

net worth, worth of your assets minus your debts, wealth inequality is greater than income inequality, existing wealth is best way to produce future wealth

Question 13

Disparities in Health

Answer 13

Poor at higher risk of heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and obesity

Question 14

Food Deserts

Answer 14

poor neighborhoods are less likely to have stores that have affordable, healthy food

Question 15

Poor neighborhoods

Answer 15

More negative social, economic, and educational effects than in a mixed-income area. Found in both rural, suburban, and urban
areas. More common in female-headed households. People in impoverished households can have comparable income to mixed-income neighborhoods, but they face inequalities of their neighborhood