Chapter 4

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

The way of life of a particular group. Includes those characteristics of a group or society that make them distinct from other groups and societies. We are products of our culture. Food, clothes, biases, values.

Question 2

Symbols

Answer 2

cultural representations of social realities, could be a word, fist, flashing red light, it’s a social construct, they don’t have inherit meaning until given one

Question 3

Cultural Transmission

Answer 3

passing on learned parts of culture

Question 4

Language

Answer 4

can be verbal or nonverbal (body language), affects how we view our world

Question 5

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Answer 5

Our understandings and actions emerge from language, access to more words/language allows you to express how you feel and the world around you

Question 6

Culture and Language

Answer 6

Our language is tied to cultural objects and practices. When a language is lost, we lose more than just language, we lose culture, meaning, history, and diversity

Question 7

Material culture

Answer 7

Includes everything that is a part of our constructed environment, we learn that chairs are meant for sitting

Question 8

Non-material culture

Answer 8

Includes those things we cannot touch, values, beliefs, language, behaviors, and norms. Commonly interconnected with material culture. Flags are material, but they hold a value.

Question 9

Norms

Answer 9

rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members, about conduct that upholds values

Question 10

Mores

Answer 10

norms that are widely observed and have great moral
significance, murder=bad

Question 11

Folkways

Answer 11

Rules of behavior for (more) routine interactions. Violations are considered less serious than mores. Say “bless you”

Question 12

Values

Answer 12

the general standards in society that define ideal principles, like those governing notions of what is right or wrong, can play a critical role in the social integration of a society

Question 13

Cultural Inconsistency

Answer 13

ideal culture v real culture

Question 14

Ideal Culture

Answer 14

values, norms, and behaviors that people in a given
society profess to embrace

Question 15

Real Culture

Answer 15

values, norms, and behaviors that people in a given
society actually embrace and exhibit

Question 16

Cultural Relativism

Answer 16

cultures cannot be ranked as better or worse than others, acknowledge differences across cultures without judging

Question 17

Ethnocentrism

Answer 17

the belief that one’s own culture or group is superior to others and the tendency to view all cultures from the
perceptive of one’s own, our’s is “normal”, others’ are inferior

Question 18

Etic Perspective

Answer 18

outside perspective of a culture

Question 19

Emic Perspective

Answer 19

inside perspective of a culture

Question 20

Subcultures

Answer 20

Cultural groups that exist within another, larger culture, accept the main values of large culture, have some characteristics that make them unique

Question 21

Countercultures

Answer 21

rules, values, and beliefs conflict with mainstream culture, directly oppose

Question 22

High Culture

Answer 22

music, theater, literature, “culture of the elites”, wealthy, appreciated by society

Question 23

Popular Culture

Answer 23

entertainment and athletic tastes shared by the masses, accessible to everyone, cheaper, shape values of society

Question 24

Cultural Capital

Answer 24

wealth in the form of knowledge, ideas, verbal skills, and ways of thinking and behaving

Question 25

Social Capital

Answer 25

who you know

Question 26

Social Class

Answer 26

the one you are born into is the one you’re more than likely to stay in

Cultural Capital
Academic Achievement
Economic Capital
Class Reproduction

Question 27

Generalized Other

Answer 27

our perceptions of the attitudes of the whole community, “no one does that”

Question 28

Beliefs

Answer 28

what a person believes to be true, Auburn is the best football team, all values are beliefs, not all beliefs are values

Question 29

Multiculturalism

Answer 29

people respect differing cultures in a society and honor their unique contribution to a larger “umbrella” culture that incorporates multiple subcultures

Question 30

Cultural Universals

Answer 30

cultural practices that exist in most or all societies, part of the human way of doing things no matter how or where you grew up