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Intro to Sociology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Socializtion

A

Learning though social interactions how to follow the social norms and expectations of your society. Begins at an early age, clothes given at a baby shower

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2
Q

Nature v Nurture

A

The development of any inherited/biological potential remains dependent on how one is raised and
socialized. Very little human behavior is “natural”

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3
Q

Symbolic Interactionism

A

Views the self and society as resulting from social interaction based on language and other symbols

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4
Q

Looking-Glass Self

A

Cooley, the self-image that results from our interpretation of other people’s views of us

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5
Q

George Herbert Mead

A

“I” is the impulse act, doesn’t consider what others will think
“me” holds back the “I”, the socially acceptable version, thinks about what others will think

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6
Q

Agent of Socialization: Family

A

Primary socialization group and key in transmitting norms, values, culture. Stereotypical gender roles and behaviors. Childhood experience linked to many later behaviors. “Typical” family varies by ethnicity, class, martial status. Working class want submit to authority, follow orders. Middle class was decision-making, creativity, and critical thinking.

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7
Q

Agents of Socialization: School

A

hidden curriculum, reinforcement of stereotypical gender
roles, reinforcement of class status

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8
Q

Hidden Curriculum

A

unspoken classroom socialization to norms,
values, and roles of a culture. Values and norms such as patriotism, competitiveness, morality, respect for
authority, basic social skills

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9
Q

Agents of Socialization: Peers

A

People of same age and social standing. Unique set of norms, vocabulary, media, fashion, role models, and
attitudes. Anticipatory socialization

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10
Q

Anticipatory Socialization

A

preemptively adopting norms of a group we wish to join

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11
Q

Agents of Socialization: Media

A

Mass media: television, movies, radio, newspapers, books, magazines, violence, fashion, gender stereotypes. Internet: more dynamic flow of information, positive and negative, hate comments

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12
Q

Total Institutions

A

Institutions that isolate people from the rest of society to achieve administrative control over most aspects of their lives, Resocialization (not unique to Total
Institutions), jail, military

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13
Q

Resocialization

A

learning to adapt to new norms and values, not unique to total institutions

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14
Q

Social Construction

A

People give meaning or value to ideas or objects
through social interactions. Ongoing process embedded in our everyday interactions. We give the middle finger meaning

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15
Q

Dramaturgical Approach

A

view of social life as a theatrical performance

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16
Q

Impression Management

A

present yourself the way you want others to
see you. a.k.a. “presentation of self”

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17
Q

Front Stage

A

concerned about impression management

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18
Q

Back Stage

A

either letting your guard down or preparing for interaction

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19
Q

Misrepresentation

A

deception, self- interested untruth, or lying to
maintain a desired impression

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20
Q

Primary Groups

A

characterized by intense emotional ties, intimacy, and
identification with membership in the group, family, close friends, first group you experience, shape attitude, behavior, and beliefs, provide purpose

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21
Q

Secondary Groups

A

large, impersonal groups with minimal emotional and intimate ties, provide a means to an end, classroom serves as a part of your education

22
Q

Effects of Size of Group

A

The key element in determining the form of social relations in a group is the size of the group (Simmel), group size increases, stability increases, intensity of relationships decreases

23
Q

Dyad

A

two people, if one leaves there’s no longer a group, no hiding info

24
Q

Triad

A

3 people, more stable, can resolve conflicts

25
Q

Alliances

A

sub-groups that form between group members, enabling them to dominate the group in their own interest

26
Q

Exclusivity

A

can occur when members limit interactions to within the group

27
Q

Social Closure

A

ability of groups to exclude outsiders or “undesirables” from participating

28
Q

Transactional Leaders

A

concerned with accomplishing group tasks and
goals, Little variation from traditional routine

29
Q

Transformational Leaders

A

instill a sense of mission or higher purpose,
transforming the nature of the group, more inspirational, encourage people to do tasks they didn’t think they could

30
Q

Legitimate Authority

A

power exercise over those with which they deserve

31
Q

Positional Power

A

based on their position

32
Q

Personal Power

A

ability to persuade, dependent on leaders personality, not mandated, not concerned about consequence, they inspire you

33
Q

Power

A

ability to mobilize resources and achieve a goal even with resistance of others

34
Q

Solomon Asch Experiment

A

conforming with the group, people intentionally said wrong answer and last person was peer pressured into agreeing even though they knew it was wrong

35
Q

Groupthink

A

a process by which the members of a group ignore ways of thinking and plans of action that go against the group consensus, not thinking about ethics or legality, don’t want to rock the boat, conform

36
Q

Economic Capital

A

money and material that can be used to produce goods and services

37
Q

Cultural Capital

A

wealth in the form of knowledge, ideas, verbal skills, and ways of thinking and behaving

38
Q

Social Capital

A

the social knowledge and connections that enable people to accomplish goals and extend influence, who you know

39
Q

Formal Organizations

A

rationally designed to achieve particular objectives by means of explicit rules, regulations, and procedures

40
Q

Utilitarian Formal Organization

A

organization people join for a material benefit they expect to receive for membership, usually a matter of choice, can join one to make a living

41
Q

Coercive Formal Organization

A

members are forced to give unquestionable obedience to authority, sometimes not voluntary, jail, military

42
Q

Normative Formal Organization

A

don’t have expectation of material benefit, voluntarily join to pursue a morally worthwhile cause, community service

43
Q

Bureaucracy

A

a type of formal organization based on written procedural rules, arranged into a clear hierarchy of authority, and staffed by full-time paid officials, rationally designed to perform tasks efficiently, based on rules and regulations, not always rational

44
Q

Weber’s Ideal Bureaucracy

A

Written rules and regulations
Specialized offices and division of labor, like organs in a body
Knowable hierarchy of power, less people on the top
Impersonality in recordkeeping
Technically competent administrative
staff

45
Q

Criticism of Bureaucracy

A

Iron Cage, Irrationalities of rationality, Training incapability

46
Q

Iron Cage

A

become trapped in a prison of rules and regulations that denies humanity, creativity, and autonomy, too caught up in rules and forgets actual goal, goal displacement

47
Q

Trained Incapability

A

learned inability to exercise independent thought

48
Q

Irrationalities of Rationality

A

bureaucracies get too caught up in rules and regulations

49
Q

Goal Displacement

A

Focusing on individuals and their specific tasks, we lose sight of the original goals the organization was created to accomplish. In other words, we evaluate only the work of the individuals within the bureaucracy and not the overall effectiveness of the organization

50
Q

Role Strain

A

competing demands within a particular social role, as a student I have 3 EXAMS THIS WEEK

51
Q

Role Conflict

A

different social roles conflicting with one another, having to choose the play or the football game

Intro to Sociology (6 decks)

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