Chapter 7 + 11 Flashcards
Three Systems of memory
-sensory memory
-Short-term memory
-Long-term memory
Sensory memory
Memory system that momentarily preserves extremely accurate images of sensory information
-sensory register
-Pattern recognition
Sensory register
-sense specific
-Ionic-Vision (1 sec)
-Echoic-Hearing (5-10 sec)
-Information that is not quickly passed to short term memory is gone forever
Pattern recognition
-The identification of a stimulus on the basis of information already contained in long-term memory
Short-term memory
-A limited capacity memory system involved in the retention of information (7+/-2 chunks) for brief periods
-Used to gold information retrieved from long-term memory for temporary use
-5 to 20 seconds
children increases in span as the age
-3 at 3yrs
-6 at 9yrs
-7 at 12yrs
Decay
Gradual loss of the information
-fades away
In short term memory
Interference
-Memories get in the way of each other
-Retroactive
-Proactive
in short-term memory
Retroactive interference
New hinders the old
Proactive interference
Old hinders new
Rehearsal
-Maintenance
-Rehearsal
Short-term memory
Rehearsal-Maintenance
-Repeating the information to maintain it
Rehearsal-Elaborative
-Link information in some meaningful way
Depth of processing
-More meaningful and personal is more memorable
-visual
-Phonological
-Semantic
Short-term memory
Long-term Memory
Vast capacity
-Virtually unlimited
Long lasting
-Decades of storage
-Permastore
-Explicit
-Implicit
Primacy effect
tendency to remember words at the beginning of a list better than those later in the list
Long-term memory
Recency effect
Tendency to remember words at the end of a list better than those earlier in the list
Long-term memory
Von Restorff effect
Tendency to remember distinctive stimuli
Long-term memory
Explicit long-term memory
conscious retrieval of past memories/information
-Semantic
-Episodic
Implicit long-term memory
unintensiona/unconscious form of retrieval of past memories/information
-Procedural
-Priming
-Conditioning
-Habituation
3 processes of memory
-Encoding
-Storage
-Retrieval
Mnemonics
-Memory aids
-PEGWORD
-One is a bun…
-Method of Loci
-Imagine a location
-Keyword
-Image to associate
-Pain=Bread(French)
Schemas
-Organized mental model
-Provides a frame of reference for interpreting new situations
Ex: we know how to order at a restaurant even if weve never been there before (because of past experiences)
-Helps simplify, but may lead to memory distortions
-Expectations frame memory
Long-term memory
Recall
generating previously remembered information
measuring memory
Recognition
selecting previously remembered information from and array of options
Measuring memory