Chapter 7-10

Question 0

An empirical distribution made of raw scores from a sample

Answer 0

Sample distribution

Question 1

An empirical distribution made of raw scores from a population

Answer 1

Population distribution

Question 2

A theoretical distribution made out of an infinite number of sample statistics

Answer 2

Sampling distribution

Question 3

The uncertainty introduced into a sample statistic by the fact that any given sample is only one of an infinite number of samples that could have been drawn from that population

Answer 3

Sampling error

Question 4

The property of sampling distribution that guarantees that this curve will be normally distributed when infinite samples of large size have been drawn

Answer 4

Central limit theorem

Question 5

The standard deviation of the sampling distribution

Answer 5

Standard error

Question 6

A sample statistic, such as mean or proportion

Answer 6

Point estimate

Question 7

A range of values spanning a point estimate that is calculated so as to have certain probability of containing the population parameter

Answer 7

Confidence interval

Question 8

The probability that a confidence interval contains the population parameter. Commonly at 95% or 99%

Answer 8

Level of confidence

Question 9

The opposite of the confidence level; that is the probability that a confidence interval does not contain the true population parameter.

Answer 9

Alpha level

Question 10

A statistical test in which alpha is split in half and placed into both tails of the z or t distribution.

Answer 10

Two-tailed test

Question 11

The process of generalizing from a sample to a population; the use of a sample statistic to estimate a population parameter. Also called hypothesis testing.

Answer 11

Inferential analysis

Question 12

In an inferential test, the hypothesis predicting that there is no relationship between the independent and dependent variables. H0

Answer 12

Null hypothesis

Question 13

In an inferential test, the hypothesis predicting that there is a relationship between the independent and dependent variables. H1

Answer 13

Alternative hypothesis

Question 14

The erroneous rejection of a true null hypothesis

Answer 14

Type I error

Question 15

The erroneous retention of a false null hypothesis

Answer 15

Type II error

Question 16

Alpha level is the same as

Answer 16

Confidence level

Question 17

The hypothesis testing procedure appropriate when the independent and dependent variables are both categorical, bivariate

Answer 17

Chi-square test of independence

Question 18

The sampling probability distribution for chi-square tests.

Answer 18

X2 distribution

Question 19

Row and column totals in a bivariate contingency table

Answer 19

Marginals

Question 20

The condition in which two variables aren’t related to one another; that is, knowing what classpersons or objects fall into on the IV does not help predict which class they will fall into on the DvV

Answer 20

Statistical independence

Question 21

The condition in which two variables are related to one another; that is, knowing what classpersons or objects fall into on the IV helps predict which class they will fall into on the DV

Answer 21

Statistical dependence

Question 22

In SPSS output, the probability associated with the obtained value of the test statistic. When p < a the null hypothesis is rejected

Answer 22

p value