chapter 64 - Response to hazmat incidents Flashcards
acids
materials that have a pH value less than 7 (ex hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid)
acute exposure
an exposure that occurs over a short timeframe (less than 24 hrs) usually occurs at a spill or release
air reactive materials
materials that react with atmospheric moisture and rapidly decompose
alpha particle
a positively charged particle emitted by certain radioactive materials
asphyxiants
chemicals that impair the body’s ability to either get or use oxygen
autoignition point
the temperature at which a material ignites and burns without an ignition source
bases
materials with a pH value greater than 7 (ex sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide)
beta particle
a negatively charged particle emitted by certain radioactive materials
boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion
an explosion that can occur when a vessel containing a pressurized liquid ruptures
boiling point
the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the material being heated equals atmospheric pressure (760 Hg); water boils to steam at 100 C (212 F)
bulk containers
large containers and tanks used to transport large quantities of hazardous materials
carboys
glass or plastic bottles commonly used to transport corrosive products
chemical asphyxiants
chemical that prevent the transportation of oxygen to the cells or the use of oxygen at the cellular level
chronic exposure
an exposure to low concentrations ocer a long period
cold zone
a safe area isolated from the area of contamination; also called the support zone. This zone has safe and easy access. It contains the command post and staging areas for personnel, vehicles, and equipment. EMS personnel are stationed in the cold zone
contamination
the deposition or absorption of chemical, biological, or radiologic materials onto personnel or other materials
contamination reduction zone
see warm zone
corrosive
any liquid or solid that can destroy human flesh on contact or has a severe corrosion rate on steel
cryogenic
pertaining to extremely low temperatures
cylinders
nonbulk containers that normally contain liquefied gases, nonliquified gases, or mixtures under pressure; cylinders also may contain liquids or solids
decontamination
the physical and chemical process of reducing and preventing the spread of contamination from persons and equipment used at a hazardous materials incident; also referred to as contamination reduction
emergency decontamination
the process of decontaminating people exposed to and potentially contaminated with hazardous materials by rapidly removing most of the contamination to reduce exposure and save lives, with secondary regard for completeness of decontamination
explosive
any chemical compound, mixture, or device, the primary or common purpose of which is to function by detonation or rapid compustion ; found in liquid or solid forms
flammable
the capacity of a substance to ignite
flammable gases
any compressed gas that meets requirements for lower flammability limit, flammability limit range, flame projection, or flame propagation as specified in CFR title 49, sec 173.300 (b) (ex butane, acetylene, hydrogen, propane)
flammable range
the concentration of fuel and air between the lower flammable limit or lower explosive limit and the upper flammable limit or upper explosive limit; the mixture of fuel and air in the flammable range supports combustion
flammable solids
a solid material other than an explosive that is liable to cause fires through friction, retained heat from manufacturing or processing, or that can be ignited readily; when ignited, they burn so vigorously and persistently that they create a serious transportation hazard (ex phosphorus, lithium, magnesium, titanium, calcium resinate)
flashpoint
the minimum temperature at which a substance evaporates fast enough to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the substance
gamma rays
a type of electromagnetic radiation that can travel great distances; can be stopped by heavy shielding, such as lead
half-life
the measure of the rate of decay of a radioactive material; indicates the time needed for half of a given amount of a radioactive material to change to another nuclear from or element
hazard communication standard
HAZCOM - OSHA standard regarding worker protection when handling chemicals
hazardous materials
a substance (solid, liquid, or gas) capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety, environment or property
Hazardous waste operations and emergency response
HAZWOPER - OSHA and EPA regulations regarding worker safety when responding to hazardous materials emergencies
hot zone
the area in which contamination currently exists or area that may be contaminated in a short period; also called the exclusion area. Patients are removed from this area to the warm zone for decontamination. Entrance to the hot zone requires proper PPE