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Block 4 test > chapter 17 - patient assessment > Flashcards

chapter 17 - patient assessment Flashcards

1
Q

what are the tools used to enhance a patient assessment?

A

stethoscope, otoscope, sphygmomanometer (bp cuff), ophthalmoscope, thermometer, penlights

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2
Q

what tool is used to auscultate sound and vibrations

A

stethoscope

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3
Q

what tool is used to visualize the inner ear and tympanic membrane (eardrum). Also good way to assess for cerebrospinal fluid in the ear and nose after trauma

A

otoscope

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4
Q

used to assess blood pressure, manually

A

sphygmomanometer

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5
Q

the three key parts of the sphygmomanometer are what?

A

the bulb, the cuff, and the manometer (carefully calibrated scale)

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6
Q

what tool is used to examine the inside of an eye

A

opthalmoscope

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7
Q

what is the blurring of the optic disc, as a result of increased intracranial pressure

A

papilledema

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8
Q

another word for farsighted is what

A

hyperopic

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9
Q

another name for nearsighted is what

A

pyopic

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10
Q

what tool measures a patient’s core body temperature in either degrees of celsius or degrees of fahrenheit

A

thermometer

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11
Q

what tool allows you to assess pupillary response and illuminate openings such as the ear nasopharynx, and oropharynx to inspect for fluids

A

penlights

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12
Q

antegrade amnesia

A

the inability to remember short term memory information after an event during which the head was struck

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13
Q

auscultation

A

the process of listening to body noises with a stethoscope

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14
Q

AVPU

A

mnemonic for Awake Verbal Pain Unresponsive, used to evaluate a patients mental status

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15
Q

battle signs

A

significant bruising around the mastoid process (behind the ears)

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16
Q

borborygmus

A

hyperactivity of bowel sounds

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17
Q

bowel sounds

A

the noises made by the intestinal smooth muscles as they spueeze fluids and food products through the digestive tract

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18
Q

bradycardia

A

heart rate slower than 60 beats/min (from brady, meaning slow)

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19
Q

bradypnea

A

a respiratory rate less than 12 breaths/min

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20
Q

bruit

A

the blowing or swishing sound created by the turbulence within a blood vessel

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21
Q

carotid bruit

A

the noise made when blood in the carotid arteries passes over plaque buildups

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22
Q

core body temperature

A

the measured body temperature within the core of the body; generally measured with an esophageal probe; normal is 98.6 F

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23
Q

CSM

A

Circulation, Sensation, and Movement

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24
Q

cullen’s sign

A

yellow-blue ecchymosis surrounding the umbilicus

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25
Q

cyanosis

A

a bluish coloration of the skin as a result of hypoxemia, or deoxygenation of hemoglobin

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26
Q

diastole

A

the period when the ventricles are relaxed and filling with blood

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27
Q

diastolic blood pressure

A

the pressure exerted against the walls of the large arteries during ventricular relaxation

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28
Q

ecchymosis

A

collection of blood within the skin that appears blue-black, eventually fading to a greenish-brown and yellow, commonly called a bruise

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29
Q

fluctuance

A

a wavelike motion felt between two fingertips when palpating a fluid filled structure such as a subcutaneous abscess

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30
Q

gasping

A

inhaling and exhaling with quick, difficult breaths

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31
Q

grey-turners sign

A

bruising along the flanks that may indicate pancreatitis or intraabdominal hemorrhage

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32
Q

grunting

A

a short low pitched sound heard at the end of exhalation that represents an attempt to generate positive end expiratory pressure by exhaling against a closed glottis, prolonging the period of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange across the alveolar capillary membrane

33
Q

gurgling

A

abnormal respiratory sounds associated with collection of liquid or semisolid material in the patients upper airway

34
Q

head bobbing

A

indicator of increased work of breathing in infants; the head falls forward with exhalation and comes up with expansion of the chest on inhalation

35
Q

hypertension

A

elevated blood pressure

36
Q

hyperthermia

A

a core temperature greater than 98.6 F

37
Q

hypotension

A

low blood pressure significant enough to cause inadequate perfusion

38
Q

hypothermia

A

a core body temperature below 95 F

39
Q

induration

A

hardened mass within the tissue typically associated with inflammation

40
Q

Korotkoff sounds

A

the noise made by blood under pressure tumbling through the arteries

41
Q

lesions

A

a wound injury or pathologic change in body tissue; any visible, local abnormality of the tissues of the skin, such as a wound, sore, rash, or boil

42
Q

life threatening conditions

A

a problem of the circulatory, respiratory, or nervous system that will kill a patient within minutes if not properly managed

43
Q

minute volume

A

the amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in 1 minute; determined by multiplying the tidal volume by the respiratory rate

44
Q

nasal flaring

A

widening of the nostrils on inhalation; an attempt to increase the size of the airway and increase the amount of available oxygen

45
Q

nysagmus

A

involuntary rapid movement of the eyes in the horizontal, vertical, or rotary planes of the eyeball

46
Q

painful stimulus

A

any stimulus that causes discomfort to the patient, triggering some sort of response

47
Q

palpation

A

the process of applying pressure against the body with the intent of gathering information

48
Q

percussion

A

a diagnostic technique that uses tapping on the body to differentiate air, solids, and fluids

49
Q

photosensitivity

A

a condition in which the patient’s eyes are sensitive or feel pain when exposed to bright light

50
Q

pleural friction rub

A

noise made when the visceral and parietal pleural rub together

51
Q

point of maximum impulses

A

PMI - tha apical impulse; the site where the heartbeat is most strongly felt

52
Q

pulse oximetry

A

a measure percent of saturated hemoglobin

53
Q

pulse pressure

A

the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressures

54
Q

raccoon eyes

A

bruising around the orbits of the eyes

55
Q

range of motion

A

the full and natural range of a joints movement

56
Q

rapid medical assessment

A

a quick head to toe assessment of a medical patient who is unresponsive or has an altered mental status

57
Q

rapid trauma assessment

A

a quick head to toe assessment of a trauma patient with a significant mechanism of injury

58
Q

rebound tenderness

A

discomfort experienced by the patient that occurs when the pressure from palpation is released

59
Q

retractions

A

sinking in of the soft tissues above the sternum of clavicle or between or below the ribs during inhalation

60
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

the inability to remember events or recall memories from before an event in which the head was struck

61
Q

S1

A

the sound of the tricuspid and mitral valves closing

62
Q

S2

A

the sound of the closing of the pulmonary and aortic valves

63
Q

signs and symptoms

A

signs are a medical or trauma condition of the patient that can be seen, heard, smelled, measured, or felt during the examination; symptoms are conditions described by the patient, such as shortness of breath, or pieces of information bystanders tell you about the patients chief complaint

64
Q

shock

A

inadequate systemic perfusion

65
Q

skin turgor

A

the elasticity of the skin; good skin turgor returns the skins natural shape within 2 seconds

66
Q

sniffing position

A

neck flexing at the 5th and 6th cervical vertebrae, with the head extended at the frist and second cervical vertebrae. this position aligns the axes of the mouth, pharynx, and trachea, opening the airway and increasing airflow

67
Q

snoring

A

noisy breathing through the mouth and nose during sleep; caused by air passing through a narrowed upper airway

68
Q

stridor

A

a harsh, high pitched sound heard on inspiration associated with upper airway obstruction; often described as a high pitched crowing or seal bark sound

69
Q

systole

A

the period when the ventricles are contracting

70
Q

systolic blood pressure

A

the pressure exerted against the walls of the large arteries at the peak of ventricular contraction

71
Q

tachycardia

A

a heart rate greater than 100 beats/min

72
Q

tachypnea

A

an increased respiratory rate, usually greater than 30 beats/min

73
Q

tidal volume

A

the volume of air moved into or out of the lungs during a normal breath; can be indirectly evaluated by observing the rise and fall of the patients chest and abdomen

74
Q

tripod position

A

position used to maintain an open airway that involves sitting upright and leaning forward with the neck slightly extended, chin projected, and mouth open and supported by the arms

75
Q

verbal stimulus

A

any noise that elicits some sort of response from the patient

76
Q

visual acuity card

A

a standardized board used to test vision

77
Q

voluntary guarding

A

conscious contraction of the abdominal muscles in an attempt to prevent painful palpation

78
Q

wheezes

A

high pitched whistling sounds produced by air moving through narrowed airway passages

Block 4 test (9 decks)

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