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FEESICKS BUSHBIRD III > Chapter 6 - X-ray Production, X-ray Tubes, And X-ray Generators > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - X-ray Production, X-ray Tubes, And X-ray Generators Flashcards

1
Q

Contains the electron source and target within an evacuated glass or metal envelope

A

X-Ray tube insert

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2
Q

Provides protective radiation shielding and cools the X-Ray tube insert

A

Tube housing

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3
Q

Supplies the voltage to accelerate the electrons

A

X-Ray generator

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4
Q

Shapes the X-Ray energy spectrum

A

X-Ray beam filters

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5
Q

Define the size and shape of the X-Ray field incident of the patient

A

Collimators

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6
Q

SI UNIT OF POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE

A

Volt(V)

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7
Q

Source of electrons

A

Cathode

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8
Q

Target of electrons

A

Anode

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9
Q

Probability distribution of X-Ray photons as a function of photon energy (keV)

A

Bremsstrahlung spectrum

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10
Q

Shows an inverse linear relationship between the number and the energy of the X-rays produced

A

UNFILTERED bremsstrahlung spectrum

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11
Q

Refers to the removal of X-rays by attenuation in materials that are inherent in the xray tube

A

Filtration

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12
Q

Discrete X-ray energy peaks

A

Characteristic radiation

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13
Q

Three major selectable parameters on the X-ray generator control panel that determine the X-ray beam characteristics

A

kV, mA and exposure time

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14
Q

Product of the tube current and exposure time

A

mAs (milliamperes second)

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15
Q

Angle of the target surface with respect to the central Ray (central axis) in the X-ray field

A

Anode angle

  • typical range: 7 to 20 degrees
  • most commonly used: 12-15 degrees
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16
Q

Area of the anode that is struck by electrons and is primarily determined by the length of the cathode filament and width of the focusing cup slot

A

Actual focal spot size

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17
Q

Foreshortening of the focal spot length at the central Ray

A

Line focus principle

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18
Q

Refers to the reduction in the X-ray beam intensity toward the anode side of the X-ray field

A

Heel effect

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19
Q

Results from electrons that scatter from the anode, and are re-accelerated back to the anode , outside of the focal spot area

A

Off-focal radiation

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20
Q

Supports, insulates and protects X-ray tube insert from the environment

A

X-ray tube housing

21
Q

Removal of X-rays as the beam passes through a layer of material

A

Filtration

22
Q

Refers to sheets of metal intentionally placed in the beam to change its effective energy

A

Added filtration

23
Q

Most commonly used added filter material

A

Aluminum (Al)

24
Q

Used to Change the spatial pattern of the X-ray intensity incident on the patient, so as to deliver a more uniform X-ray exposure to the detector

A

Compensation (equalization) filters

25
Q

Principal function of an X-ray generator

A

To provide current at a high voltage to an X-ray tube

26
Q

Principal components of X-ray generators; they convert low voltage into high voltage through a process called ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

A

TRANSFORMERS

27
Q

A phenomenon in which a changing magnetic field induces an electrical potential difference (voltage) in a nearby conductor and in which a voltage is induced in a conductor moving through a stationary magnetic field.

A

ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

28
Q

The Voltage induced in the second winding is proportional to the voltage on the primary winding and the ratio of the number of turns in the two windings

A

Law of Transformers

29
Q

Increases the secondary voltage

A

Step up transformer

30
Q

Decreases the secondary voltage

A

Step down transformer

31
Q

Produces a secondary voltage equal to the primary voltage

A

Isolation transformer

32
Q

Basic electrical component that will allow current to flow in ONE direction only

33
Q

A device with two terminals

34
Q

Rate of energy production or expenditure per unit time

A

Power

SI unit of power: watt (W) = 1 J of energy per second

1 watt = 1 volt X 1 ampere

35
Q

Electrical potential of the earth

A

Ground potential

36
Q

Difference between the peak voltage and the minimum voltage, divided by the peak voltage and multiplied by 100%

A

Voltage ripple

37
Q

Used as a safety mechanism to terminate the exposure in the event of an exposure switch or timer failure

A

Countdown timer (aka backup timer)

38
Q

Measure the actual amount of radiation incident on the image receptor and terminate X-ray production when the proper radiation exposure is obtained

A

Phototimer (aka Automatic exposure(AEC) control system)

39
Q

Power that an X-ray tube focal spot can accept or the generator can deliver

A

Power rating

40
Q

A traditional unit that provides a simple way of expressing the energy deposition and dissipation from the anode of an X-ray tube

41
Q

The penetrability of an X-ray beam

42
Q

Refers to the number of photons comprising the beam

43
Q

5 factors affecting X-ray emission

A
  1. Anode target material
  2. Tube voltage (kV)
  3. Tube current (mA)
  4. Beam filtration
  5. Generator wave form
44
Q

Common tools for measuring focal spot size (4)

A
  1. Pinhole camera
  2. Slit camera
  3. Star pattern
  4. Resolution bar pattern
45
Q 
LARGE ANODE ANGLE 
SMALL FILAMENT LENGTH
A. \_\_\_\_\_\_ field coverage 
B. \_\_\_\_\_\_ effective focal spot
C. \_\_\_\_\_\_ power loading
A

A. large
B. small
C. poor

46
Q 
LARGE ANODE ANGLE 
LARGE FILAMENT LENGTH
A. \_\_\_\_\_\_ field coverage 
B. \_\_\_\_\_\_ effective focal spot
C. \_\_\_\_\_\_ power loading
A

A. Large
B. Large
C. Good

47
Q 
SMALL ANODE ANGLE 
LARGE FILAMENT LENGTH
A. \_\_\_\_\_\_ field coverage 
B. \_\_\_\_\_\_ effective focal spot
C. \_\_\_\_\_\_ power loading
A

A. small
B. small
C. good

48
Q

Increase in focal spot size resulting from high tube current (mA)

A

Focal spot “blooming”

***BLOOMING si mA

49
Q

Slight decrease in focal spot size with increasing kV

A

Focal spot “thinning”

***THIN KABA? (kV)

FEESICKS BUSHBIRD III (13 decks)

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