Chapter 6-Weathering Flashcards

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1
Q

What is denudation?

A

The wearing down of the surface of the earth.

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2
Q

What is weathering?

A

The breakdown of rock, usually by forces of weather.

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3
Q

What are the two types of weathering?

A

Mechanical, chemical.

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4
Q

What is erosion?

A

The wearing away of rock, the transportation of rock and its deposition. Can be carried out by rivers, the sea, glaciers and the wind.

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5
Q

When does mechanical weathering occur?

A

It occurs when rocks are broken apart by physical forces. Does not involve chemical change.

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6
Q

When does chemical weathering occur?

A

Occurs when chemical change in the rocks causes them to dissolve.

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7
Q

What are two types of mechanical weathering?

A

Freeze-thaw action, exfoliation.

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8
Q

What is freeze-thaw action?

A

Mechanical weathering that occurs in cold climates or high altitudes. Caused by precipitation on the rock freezing and re-thawing over time.

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9
Q

What is exfoliation?

A

Mechanical weathering in hot climates that occurs when layers of rock expand and contract in hot and cold temperatures over time.

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10
Q

What is one type of chemical weathering?

A

Carbonation.

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11
Q

What is carbonation?

A

When limestone is dissolved by carbon dioxide in rainwater when the weak acid in rainwater reacts to the cracks and joints in limestone.

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12
Q

What is the karst landscape?

A

During the Ice Age, the bare rock of the Burren was exposed by glaciers. It is now a karst landscape.

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13
Q

Name some surface features of the Burren landscape.

A

Clints, grikes, swallow holes.

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14
Q

Name some underground features of the Burren landscape.

A

Stalactites, stalagmites, pillars/columns.

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15
Q

What was the Mullagmore visitor centre conflict?

A

Controversy over building of a visitors centre, restaurant and carpark in the 1990s. It’s was eventually not built.

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16
Q

Arguments for the visitor centre.

A

Jobs for locals, more money for locality, more tourists, no other industry for employment.

17
Q

Arguments against visitor centre.

A

Damage rare flora, pollution, damaged limestone, historical sites could be damaged.

18
Q

What are stalactites?

A

Cone-shaped deposits of minerals that hang down from the ceiling of a limestone cave.

19
Q

What are stalagmites?

A

Cone-shaped deposits of minerals that are built up from the floor of a limestone cave.

20
Q

How are pillars and columns formed?

A

When stalactites and stalagmites join together.

21
Q

Give an example of a cave.

A

The Aillwee cave.