Chapter 3 And 4 Flashcards
What is an earthquake?
A series of seismic waves that shake the ground and buildings, caused when plates collide.
What is the focus?
The place within the crust where the rock breaks and the earthquake begins, sending out seismic waves.
What is the epicentre?
On the surface directly above the focus where the most severe tremors occur.
What are aftershocks?
They are smaller tremors that occur after an earthquake, which can cause further damage.
What is a fault line?
A crack in the earths surface.
What are seismic waves?
The vibrations that are sent out by the earthquake and which cause buildings to collapse.
What is a seismograph?
Used to measure the shocks caused by earthquakes.
What is the Richter Scale?
Scale used to measure the force of an earthquake from 0 to 9
What are the immediate effects of earthquakes?
Movement of the earth and collapse of buildings, resulting in deaths.
What is a volcano?
An opening or crack in the earths surface through which magma, ash, cinder and gases pour or erupt. Caused when plates collide or separate.
What is the mid-Atlantic ridge?
A series of mid-oceanic ridges caused by the separation of the North American and Eurasian plates.
Give an example of a volcanic island.
Iceland.
What is the Pacific Ring of Fire?
It is the edge of the Pacific Ocean where different plates meet, many volcanoes are located on it.
What are the three types of volcano?
1/ Active.
2/ Dormant.
3/ Extinct.
Give three advantages of volcanoes.
1) Make fertile soil.
2) Tourists.
3) Geothermal springs provide heating, hot water.
