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Science, Technology, and Society > Chapter 6: The Philosophical Aspect of Science and Technology > Flashcards

Chapter 6: The Philosophical Aspect of Science and Technology Flashcards

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1
Q

The systematic study of the structure and behaviour of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment.

A

Science

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2
Q

Also refer to the body or system of knowledge derived from such studies.

A

Science

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3
Q

Science originated from?

A

philosophy

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4
Q

Literally “love of wisdom”, is the investigation of the nature of knowledge, existence, and reality.

A

Philosophy

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5
Q

He refined the process of scientific reasoning during the renaissance.

A

Francis Bacon

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6
Q

He emphasized the importance of deductive reasoning

A

Aristotle

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7
Q

He realized that deductive reasoning can be combined with by inductive reasoning.

A

Francis Bacon

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8
Q

the process of obtaining a specific statement of theory from a more generalized model or observation.

A

Deductive

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9
Q

Generates and generalized statement from specific observation.

A

Inductive

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10
Q

3 Different fields of modern science

A

Natural Science
Social Science
Formal Science

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11
Q

field of modern science that investigate natural phenomena; they attempt to give an explanation of how things happen or work based on the careful interpretation of empirical data (physical and biological science).

A

Natural Science

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12
Q

insights on human behavior and societies.

A

Social Science

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13
Q

field of modern science based on the set of rules defined beforehand (priori statements)

A

Formal Science

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14
Q

it is the set of rules defined beforehand

A

priori statements

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15
Q

Who discussed the verificationism or verifiability

A

Berlin Circle and Vienna Circle

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16
Q

Falsification Principle is by?

A

Karl Popper

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17
Q

a discipline is a scientific if it can be supported by empirical evidence, if it cannot be observed, it is regarded as meaningless.

A

verificationism or verifiability

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18
Q

means that a hypothesis or idea can be tested by experimentation. As long as the experiment shows that an idea is not false, it is accepted as the prevailing explanation to the relevant phenomena.

A

Falsification Principle

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19
Q

The study of scientific methods of inquiry, as well the defining of the scope and validity of science.

A

Philosophy of Science

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20
Q

Socrates was condemned and put to death by

A

the Athenian society

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21
Q

He asked questions about moral and psychological issues and challenged existing ideas.

A

Socrates

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22
Q

He focused about the life itself “The unexamined life is not worth living

A

Socrates

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23
Q

Plato found his own school named?

A

the famed Academy

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24
Q

he focused in metaphysics and epistemology

A

Plato

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25
Q

Plato is focused on

A

metaphysics and epistemology

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26
Q

tutor of Alexander the great and systematized logic

A

Aristotle

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27
Q

The purpose of life is to live in virtue. In order to be attuned with nature, people must reject all conventional needs such as power, sex, and wealth. The main figures of cynicism are Antisthenes, Diogenes and Crates of Thebes.

A

Cynics

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28
Q

The main figures of cynicism are

A

Antisthenes, Diogenes and Crates of Thebes

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29
Q

Major School of Philosophy believed that people should doubt their senses, morality, and logic. No one can be certain about the knowledge we have

A

Sceptics

30
Q

Considered all the sensation we experience are true.

A

Epicureans

31
Q

Epicureanism emphasized the importance of ______and _______ as the innate goal of man.

A

maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain

32
Q

Epicureans is founded by

A

Epicurus

33
Q

Posited that perfect rationality is the key to achieve moral goodness and happiness.

A

Stoics

34
Q

Stoics leans forward to the achievement of ______
and it is a state of mind wherein one is not distributed by passions, pain, or emotions,

A

apatheia (equanimity)

35
Q

The founder of Stoics

A

Zeno of Citium

36
Q

considered to be opposite of evil and what is good is preferred and desirable

A

Good

37
Q

is a positive emotion or state arising from well being includes physical and mental health, life satisfactions, and a sense of purpose.

A

Happiness

38
Q

happiness is a spiritual state

A

Eastern Religion

39
Q

freedom from cravings as happiness

A

Buddhism

40
Q

freedom from the cycle of births and deaths.

A

Hinduism

41
Q

interplay of genetics. Brain physiology and chemistry, body hormones, and physical health is involved in happiness.

A

Biological Perspectives

42
Q

Happiness in Greek

A

eudaimonia

43
Q

Plato asserted that the highest form of happiness results from

A

morality and justice.

44
Q

Is a concept central to the philosophy of Aristotle.

A

Eudaimonia

45
Q

Aristotle work where he discussed other concept such as arete(virtue) and philia (friendship

A

Nicomachean

46
Q

It is the end goal of human activities to lead a life- it is a complete end by itself

A

Eudaimonia

47
Q

comparable to Abraham Maslow’s concept, a desirable for fulfillment or achieving the most out of one’s potential.

A

Self – actualization

48
Q

arete means

A

virtue

49
Q

philia means

A

friendship

50
Q

Eudaimonia can be achieved by

A

rational action

51
Q

virtue of thought arises from teaching.

A

Intellectual virtue

52
Q

virtues of character arise from practice of habit.

A

Moral virtue

53
Q

Meaning of Episteme

A

scientific knowledge

54
Q

Meaning of Phronesis

A

practical wisdom

55
Q

Meaning of Andreia

A

bravery

56
Q

Meaning of Sophrosune

A

temperance

57
Q

Technology is not an ________; it is a way of revealing the _______ about the world.

A

instrument | truth

58
Q

________ is not controlled by ______; it is technology that can______human activity.

A

Technology | human | control

59
Q

Technology derived from the geek word

A

Technikon

60
Q

refers to both manufacturing and the arts

A

Techne

61
Q

bringing-forth and something that brings “concealment to the unconcealment

A

Poiesis

62
Q

Greek word for truth

A

Aletheia

63
Q

Modern technology reveals by

A

challenging

64
Q

german word for enframing

A

Gestell

65
Q

Heidegger called for humans to practice meditative thinking over calculative thinking.

A

Memorial Address

66
Q

emphasize numbers and categories; it only works to satisfy our material desire.

A

Calculative Thinking

67
Q

elucidates the meaning of things, we allow nature to reveal itself to us.

A

Mediative Thinking

68
Q

Mediative thinking allows us to be

A

open to the truth

69
Q

is a unifying force that tied together culture, religion, politics and society. Art expressed humanity’s oneness with the universe

A

Art

70
Q

is ultimately tied to good.

A

Truth

71
Q

to understood the world we are in; thus, leads us closer to the truth.

A

aim of science

Science, Technology, and Society (5 decks)

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