Chapter 2: Western Civilization Flashcards
fall of the Western Roman Empire and the beginning o the colonial expansion of Western Europe
5th Century CE (Middle or Medieval Period)
long barbaric period
Dark ages (500 CE to 1000 CE)
During Dark Ages people cannot read and write, except for the members of
clergy
During Dark Ages intellectual activity centered on the study
Bible and Christian faith
it is the center of learning during 12 century
Stadium Generale
Franciscans and the Dominicans and the Political system that dominated
University of Scholasticism
a method of learning that places a strong emphasis on platonic reasoning and deduction working within a background of fixed religious dogma and Aristolelian philosophy
Christian Scholasticism
an attempt to prove the existence of God and divine purpose through observation of nature and the use of human reason.
Natural Theology
maintained that the world of reason and the world of faith had to kept apart.
Franciscan John Duns Scotus
proposed the principle of parsimony or Ockham’s Razor a simple theory id preferred to a more complex one.
William of Ockham
developed the theory of impetus a concept that anticipated Newtonian Physics and the modern concept of inertia.
Jean Buridan
He discussed the study of kinematics and velocity which predated Galileo’s work on falling objects.
Thomas Bradwadine
used a logical and mathematical approach to philosophical problems.
Oxford Calculators of Merton
he proposed that light color is related before hooked.
Nicole Oresme
Power came in 3 main sources
human, draft animals, and water.
first instrument of the power revolution and the more efficient draft animal than the ox.
Horse
a mill harnessing water and wind power
Water mill
type of water mill that flourished first in Northern Europe, a horizontally mounted water wheel driving a pair of grindstones directly without the intervention of gearing.
Norse Mill
the most common watermill and can be powered by a stream running underneath or over the wheel.
Vertical watermill
first people to use iron plowshares on forested lowlands and rich and heavy wet soils.
Teutonic Tribes
An industry where spinning jenny or spinning wheel was introduced.
Wooled Cloth Industry
a new craft bought by Teutonic tribe, consist of decomposing animal or vegetable fats by boiling them with a strong alkali.
Soap making
appeared in western Europe, consist of a mixture of carbon, sulfur, and saltpeter.
Gun powder
molten metal could be poured directly into molds ready to receive it.
Blast Furnace
