Chapter 1 (Ancient Science Technology) Flashcards
It is considered as “Stone Age” where early humans learned to use stone tools for their survival.
Early Civilization
Early Humans who lived in small tribes of hunter-gatherers.
Nomads
a period where Human Civilization began.
Sumerian Civilization
It means the Land between Rivers | This is where the Sumerians stayed and flourished.
Mesopotamia
Meaning of Middle and River
“Meso” | “Potam”
These are the people who stayed in Mesopotamia
Sumerians
When did the Sumerians settled and built along the Rivers in South Mesopotamia
4500 BCE
A Temple built for the patron gods and goddesses
Ziggurat
When did the summerians built the Ziggurat
2000 B.C
Irrigation Systems of Sumerians
Levees
It is considered as one of the Greatest contribution of the Sumerians | The Writing system of the Sumerians.
Cuneiform
Standard Number system of Sumerians, which later on Applied by Babylonian Civilization.
Sexagesimal
Transportation for travel, trade, and war.
Sailbot
Tool to easily transport agricultural product and transfer people from one place to another.
Wheel
A tool or device that is used in farming for initial cultivation of soil in preparation for sowing seed or planting.
Plow
Sumerians believed that the disease was punishment from god due to certain committed sins or wrong doings or due to action of demons or bad spirits
Medicine
A Civilization known for Hanging Garden
Babylonian Civilization
When did Babylonian took Charge?
2004 B.C
Who built the Hanging Garden?
King Nebuchadnezzar (for his wife Amyitis)
Who conquered Babylonian
Samu-abum.
How high is the Hanging Garden?
75 Ft.
it is a Civilization created under one ruler, King Narmer
Egyptian Civilization
Refer to their King, or Ruler and considered to be as a divine being; EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION.
Pharaoh
A government ruled by religious leader since they believed that pharaoh is a living god.
Theocracy
A process of preserving the Body of their Ruler or Pharaoh
Mummification
It is a Salt used to Preserved the Body
Natron
Egyptian Writing System
Hieroglyphics
Egyptian signs that write out morphemes | Egyptian signs that represent one or more sound | Egyptian signs that denotes neither morpheme nor sound but help with the meaning of a group of signs that precede them.
Logorams | Phonograms | Determinatives
A writing material similar to paper, during Egyptian Civilization
Papyrus
Egyptian Physician performed the following practices.
Eye-Surgery and Dentistry
A hand-operated device for lifting water from the Nile River into buckets, used for their irrigation system.
Shadufs
Used to lift water from a low-lying body of water into irrigation trenches.
Archimedean Screw
Egyptian Civilization other contribution
Mathematics, Calendar, and Wigs
Calendar of Egyptian Civilization consist of
365 Days per Year
Transpired during 8th Century BC.
Greek Civilization
Art and literature performances of ancient Greeks were performed in theaters.
Theaters
These theaters were large, open-air structured consisted of the seating area.
Theatron
A circular space for the actors to perform
Orchestra
The Stage
Skene
Famous Greek Philosophers
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle
Thales
Pythagoras
Famous Greek Philosopher who developed the Socratic Method
Socrates
What are the major contribution of Plato
Founded the Academy of Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western World.
What are the major contribution of Aristotle
Founded the Empirical approach in studying nature | Founded the theory of four causes.
Famous Greek Philosopher who believed that water was the only substance that was source of all things.
Thales
Famous Greek Philosopher who developed Pythagorean Theorem
Pythagoras
Civilization founded in 753 BCE
Roman Civilization
Notable figures who founded the Roman Civilization
King Romulus and Remus
Romans’ native volcanic stone to construct buildings.
Tufa
Roman built this to convey water from far away springs and mountains into the cities and towns through gravity.
Aqueducts
Roman first aqueduct built in 312 BC.
Aqua Appia
Famous Roman Architectures
- The Pantheon
- Colosseum
- Arch of Septimius Severus
- Maison Carree
Number System of Roman Civilization
Roman Numerals
Cover was made of wax but later on changed to animal skin.
Bound Books
Romans used this in politics and governance.
Newspapers
Temple of all the Roman gods.
The Pantheon
Largest Amphitheater.
Colosseum
A monumental arch, built in recognition of Roman victories over Parthians.
Arch of Septimius Severus
The only temple that is completely preserved up to this day.
Maison Carree
Oldest Civilization in Asia
Chinese Civilization
Naturally produced by Silk worms
Silk
Were harvested, processed and compressed into cake form.
Tea Leaves
known as “brick tea” was ground with the used of stone mortar.
Dried Teacake
Was produced by pouring hot water to shredded or crushed tea leaves
Tea
Was constructed to protect Chinese from invaders and it controls borders of China. It is the largest and most extensive infrastructure that such nation built.
Great Wall of China
Developed by Chinese alchemists to achieve immortality. It is used for artillery and for fireworks to drive away evil spirits
Gunpowder
it is an artificial magnetic pointing device made from lodestone and the oldest south pointing navigational device.
Compass
