Chapter 3: Intellectual Revolutions in the History of Science

Question 1

He identified such transitions as paradigm shift in his work The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.

Answer 1

Thomas S. Kuhn

Question 2

Specific events in the progression of science that led to a complete change of explaining phenomena from the natural world.

Answer 2

Scientific Revolution

Question 3

Proposed a model where the earth was a sphere in the center of the universe; the sun, moon, stars, and planet revolve around the earth.

Answer 3

Claudius Ptolemy

Question 4

What is the two movement system Claudius Ptolemy stated?

Answer 4

Deferent and Epicycle

Question 5

Claudius Ptolemy includes geocentric model in his mathematical and astronomical treatise ______.

Answer 5

Almagest

Question 6

He asserted that the motion of heavenly bodies is uniform and circular and the sun is near the center of the universe

Answer 6

Nicolaus Copernicus

Question 7

Considered that the sun as the center of the universe and that the planets revolve around the sun.

Answer 7

Heliocentric Model

Question 8

The first one to suggest that planets revolve around the sun.

Answer 8

Aristarchus of Samos

Question 9

Copernicus first published his model in 1514.

Answer 9

Commentariolus (Little Commentary)

Question 10

When did Copernicus finished his treatise De Revolutionibus orbium caelestium (On the revolutions of Heavenly Spheres)

Answer 10

1532

Question 11

Who revised and expounded Copernicus model

Answer 11

Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler, and Galileo Galilei.

Question 12

He discussed the following Law of universal gravitation, Nature of Light, Theory of Color

Answer 12

Isaac Newton

Question 13

All matter in the universe will be affected by the force of gravity in the same manner.

Answer 13

Law of Universal Gravitation

Question 14

Isaac Newton discussed law of Universal Gravitation in his work?

Answer 14

Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica in 1687.

Question 15

foundation of classical mechanics

Answer 15

law of motion

Question 16

the developer of infinitesimal calculus along with Gottfried Leibniz.

Answer 16

Isaac Newton

Question 17

Isaac Newton, as the developer of infinitesimal calculus along with?

Answer 17

Gottfried Leibniz.

Question 18

Isaac Newton, showed that the white light coming from the sun can be refracted using a glass prism into a spectrum of different colors.

Answer 18

Nature of Light

Question 19

Father of Chemistry and Figure head of the chemical revolution.

Answer 19

Robert Boyle

Question 20

His experimentation and observations were usually tainted with pseudoscience concept from alchemy.

Answer 20

Robert Boyle

Question 21

Robert Boyle experimentation and observations were usually tainted with __________?

Answer 21

pseudoscience concept from alchemy

Question 22

Father of Modern Chemistry and He sparked the chemical revolution and study on the role of oxygen on combustion.

Answer 22

Antoine- Laurent Lavoiser

Question 23

He discovered oxygen

Answer 23

Joseph Priestley

Question 24

When did Antoine Laurent Lavoiser began his study on the role of oxygen on combustion?

Answer 24

1772

Question 25

assumed the presence of phlogiston, a fire like element contained in objects. It is a theory by Antoine- Laurent Lavoiser.

Answer 25

Phlogiston Theory

Question 26

most outstanding work of Antoine- Laurent Lavoiser

Answer 26

Traite elementaire de chimie (Elementary Treatise of Chemistry)

Question 27

Antoine- Laurent Lavoiser revised the chemical nomenclature and establishing standards for conducting elements that made him?

Answer 27

made him the undeniable figure head of the chemical revolution

Question 28

His work are the following: Special Theory of Relativity and, Photoelectric effect

Answer 28

Albert Eistein

Question 29

What are the 3 books under Annus Mirabilis Papers (Miracle Year Papers):

Answer 29

- Photoelectric effect - Brownian motion - Mass energy equivalence

Question 30

Serves as one of the pilar of modern physics. Time and motion are entirely relative, where space and time are considered fixed

Answer 30

Special Theory of Relativity

Question 31

General Theory of Relativity was published in

Answer 31

1995

Question 32

Einstein’s work that led him win the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Answer 32

photoelectric effect

Question 33

He contemplate on the diversity of plant and animal life on the planet.

Answer 33

Charles Darwin

Question 34

According to Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, the process of evolution is driven by?

Answer 34

natural selection

Question 35

The process of evolution is driven by natural selection is according to?

Answer 35

Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace

Question 36

When did Charles Darwin published his theory in the work On the Origins of Species by Means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the struggle for life.

Answer 36

1859

Question 37

Charles Darwin’s work became the foundation of?

Answer 37

evolutionary biology

Question 38

He first attempted to explain human behavior in term of physiological events in the brain

Answer 38

Sigmund Freud

Question 39

behavior arises from the interaction of the conscious and unconscious dimension of the human mind

Answer 39

Psychoanalytic theory

Question 40

Psychoanalytic theory by

Answer 40

Sigmund Freud

Question 41

Part of the mind that cannot be controlled nor cannot be directly understood.

Answer 41

Unconscious

Question 42

Mental disorders were thought to arise from

Answer 42

psychological repression

Question 43

Mental disorders can be understood by the

Answer 43

interpretation of dreams examination of verbal slips analyzing the results of free association

Question 44

patients were allowed to speak whatever is in their mind without restrictions.

Answer 44

Free association

Question 45

an unconscious sexual yearning for the parent of different sex and hatred for the other parent.

Answer 45

Oedipus Complex