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Ess3 (: > Chapter 6- The Lipids > Flashcards

Chapter 6- The Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four primary classes of lipids ?

A
  • fatty acids
  • triglycerides
  • sterols
  • phospholipids
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2
Q

Lipids contain ___________, _____________, and ___________.

A

Carbon; hydrogen; oxygen

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3
Q

Lipids are a component of _______________.

A

Cell membranes

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4
Q

Lipids are the primary source of the body’s energy reserves, which are stored in the _________.

A

Adipose tissue

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5
Q

Fats contribute to the sensation of being full because…

A
  • fats stay in the stomach longer

* fats are absorbed over a longer period of time

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6
Q

Fatty acids

A

Major source of energy

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7
Q

Triglycerides

A

MOST abundant source of fat in our body!

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8
Q

Sterols

A

Cholesterol is the primary dietary sterol

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9
Q

Phospholipids

A

The primary lipid in the cell membrane

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10
Q

What are triglycerides commonly called?

A

Fat, they are essential!

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11
Q

What is the basic structure of a triglyceride?

A

Three-carbon glycerol molecule with 3 fatty acids attached

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12
Q

Saturated Fatty Acids

A

They are fully hydrogenated, all carbons are “saturated” with hydrogen, and there are NO double bonds.

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13
Q

Example of a saturated fatty acid?

A

(Tend to be solid at room temperature)

  • animal origin (aka butter)
  • tropical oils
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14
Q

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

A

Fewer hydrogen atoms, contain one or more double bond

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15
Q

Example of unsaturated fatty acid?

A

Tend to be liquid at room temperature, aka olive oil.

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16
Q

Monounsaturated vs Polyunsaturated fatty acids ?

A

Mono: one double band of point of unsaturation
Source: avocado, peanuts, almonds

Poly: more than one double bond
Source: mostly vegetable oils

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17
Q

Partial Hydrogenation creates fatty acids

A

Adding hydrogen to an unsaturated fat can alter the position of the double bonds

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18
Q

What can Trans Fatty Acids do?

A
  • Raise “bad” cholesterol and lower “good cholesterol”

* Increase risk of heart disease

19
Q

How can I identify if a product contains Trans fat?

A

Check for partially hydrogenated oil in the ingredients list

20
Q

What are essential fatty acids that must be supplied through the diet?

A
  • omega-6 fatty acids (Linoleic acid)

* omega-3 fatty acid (Linolenic acid)

21
Q

What is Omega-6 fatty acid- Linoleic acid essential for?

A

•growth and synthesis of hormone-like compounds (ercasonoids)

22
Q

Source of omega-6?

A

FISH

23
Q

What is Omega-3 Fatty acid for?

A

Helps elevate HDL levels, and helps regulate blood pressure and clotting

24
Q

Omega-3 Source?

A

Flaxseed; flaxseed oil; chia seeds, hemp seeds, cauliflower, brusselsprouts

25
Q

Phospholipids can be produced by ________.

A

The body

26
Q

A Phospholipids unique structural arrangement allows them to…

A

Suspend fat in water

27
Q

What is the structure of a phospholipid?

A

3 carbon glycerol molecule with 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group on the third carbon

28
Q

Phospholipids are the primary components of ________.

A

cell membranes

29
Q

What phospholipid is found in egg yolks that is also an emulsifier?

A

Lecithin

30
Q

Where does most of the lipid digestion occur?

A

The small intestine, and a small amount in the mouth and stomach by lipase

31
Q

Digestion in the small intestine is facilitated by…

A

•bile acids, emulsification, lipases

32
Q

How does emulsification aid in digestion?

A

It allows fat to mix with water

33
Q

Lipids do NOT

A

Travel freely in the the blood

34
Q

What are sterols?

A

Complex lipids

35
Q

What is the structure of a sterol?

A

Sterols have four interconnected carbon rings with and oxygen and a hydrocarbon side chain

36
Q

What is a nonessential sterol that the liver produces?

A

Cholesterol

37
Q

Cholesterol is only found in _____________.

A

Animal foods

38
Q

Cholesterol is a critical component of cell membranes therefore it is found in ____________________.

A

Every cell in our body, it also does not provide calories!

39
Q

AMDR of total fat ?

A

Between 20% to 35% of total calories

40
Q

What are chylomicrons?

A

Transport dietary fats and cholesterol from intestines to muscle and adipose tissue

41
Q

VLDL

A

Carries mainly triglycerides from liver to muscle and adipose tissue

42
Q

LDL

A

VLDL is converted into LDL which carries primary cholesterol to all cells in the body

AKA BAD CHOLESTEROL

43
Q

HDL

A

Picks up cholesterol from the body cells and returns to the liver

AKA GOOD CHOLESTEROL

Ess3 (: (8 decks)

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