Chapter 3- Digestion Flashcards
(33 cards)
Difference between hunger and appetite?
Hunger-physiological drive for food that occurs when our body senses that we need to eat
Appetite- the desire to consume a specific food, kind o like a craving.
How does the hypothalamus prompt you to eat?
The hypothalamus helps you feel satiation(fullness) 3 ways:
- Nerve Cells
- Hormones
- The amount and type of food we eat
What is the rule of Nerve Cells?
they line the stomach of the stomach and small intestine and detect changes in pressure according to whether the organ is empty or full
Hormones
chemicals produced in specialized glands that travel in the blood stream to target organs in other parts of the body
Which two types of hormones are responsible for maintaining blood glucose levels?
Insulin- “stop eating”
&
Glucagon- “keep eating”
What is our most readily available fuel supply?
glucose
What is the GI Tract?
starts at the mouth, goes to esophagus, the stomach, into the small intestine, then the large intestine, and out the anus.
What are the major organs?
The stomach, esophagus, mouth, small intestine, and large intestine.
What does the mouth do?
chews and has first secretion of salivary glands
What does the esophagus do?
carries food from the mouth to the stomach
What does the stomach do?
adds acids, enzymes, and gastric juice to the food
What does the small intestine do?
breaks down nutrients by using enzymes produced by the small intestine and pancreas; nutrients are absorbed into the blood and lymph.
What is the major sight of digestion and absorption?
the small intestine, which is at least 20 feet long.
What are the accessory organs?
- Salivary Glands
- Liver
- Gallbladder
- pancreas
What do the salivary glands do?
secrete saliva that moistens and lubricates food, and contains a couple of enzymes
What does the liver do?
produces bile
What does the gallbladder do?
stores bile and releases it to the small intestine
What does the pancreas do?
produces enzymes (protease, amylase, and lipase) to digest energy-providing nutrients, and releases bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid
What is mechanical digestion?
the physical breakdown of food, e.g. chewing
Peristalsis
propulsive contractions move food forward from esophagus to anus
segmentation
uncoordinated contractions
- mixes intestinal content with digestion fluids
- brings nutrients in contact with absorption surface.
salivary amylase
only chemically attacks carbohydrate bonds
Which enzymes are used in the stomach during digestion?
gastric juice, pepsin, gastric lipase
What is created after gastric fluid is dispersed
chyme(semi-liquid mass)
