Chapter 3- Digestion Flashcards

(33 cards)

1
Q

Difference between hunger and appetite?

A

Hunger-physiological drive for food that occurs when our body senses that we need to eat

Appetite- the desire to consume a specific food, kind o like a craving.

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2
Q

How does the hypothalamus prompt you to eat?

A

The hypothalamus helps you feel satiation(fullness) 3 ways:

  • Nerve Cells
  • Hormones
  • The amount and type of food we eat
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3
Q

What is the rule of Nerve Cells?

A

they line the stomach of the stomach and small intestine and detect changes in pressure according to whether the organ is empty or full

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4
Q

Hormones

A

chemicals produced in specialized glands that travel in the blood stream to target organs in other parts of the body

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5
Q

Which two types of hormones are responsible for maintaining blood glucose levels?

A

Insulin- “stop eating”
&
Glucagon- “keep eating”

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6
Q

What is our most readily available fuel supply?

A

glucose

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7
Q

What is the GI Tract?

A

starts at the mouth, goes to esophagus, the stomach, into the small intestine, then the large intestine, and out the anus.

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8
Q

What are the major organs?

A

The stomach, esophagus, mouth, small intestine, and large intestine.

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9
Q

What does the mouth do?

A

chews and has first secretion of salivary glands

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10
Q

What does the esophagus do?

A

carries food from the mouth to the stomach

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11
Q

What does the stomach do?

A

adds acids, enzymes, and gastric juice to the food

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12
Q

What does the small intestine do?

A

breaks down nutrients by using enzymes produced by the small intestine and pancreas; nutrients are absorbed into the blood and lymph.

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13
Q

What is the major sight of digestion and absorption?

A

the small intestine, which is at least 20 feet long.

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14
Q

What are the accessory organs?

A
  • Salivary Glands
  • Liver
  • Gallbladder
  • pancreas
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15
Q

What do the salivary glands do?

A

secrete saliva that moistens and lubricates food, and contains a couple of enzymes

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16
Q

What does the liver do?

A

produces bile

17
Q

What does the gallbladder do?

A

stores bile and releases it to the small intestine

18
Q

What does the pancreas do?

A

produces enzymes (protease, amylase, and lipase) to digest energy-providing nutrients, and releases bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid

19
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

the physical breakdown of food, e.g. chewing

20
Q

Peristalsis

A

propulsive contractions move food forward from esophagus to anus

21
Q

segmentation

A

uncoordinated contractions

  • mixes intestinal content with digestion fluids
  • brings nutrients in contact with absorption surface.
22
Q

salivary amylase

A

only chemically attacks carbohydrate bonds

23
Q

Which enzymes are used in the stomach during digestion?

A

gastric juice, pepsin, gastric lipase

24
Q

What is created after gastric fluid is dispersed

A

chyme(semi-liquid mass)

25
What are the three sections of the small intestine?
the Duodenum, Jejunum, ileum (in that order)
26
What is the villi?
it is in the lining of the small intestine and it absorbs nutrients
27
Liver functions to filter the _____ from______. Nutrients are sent in and out of the liver.
blood; toxins
28
What absorption techniques occur?
- Simple diffusion - Facilitated diffusion - Active Transport
29
Simple diffusion
nutrients cross cells freely
30
Facilitated Diffusion
require a carrier to transport them across the cell membrane
31
Active transport
requires energy to move across membrane
32
Which system transports nutrients and oxygen?
circulatory system
33
What can cause celiac disease?
gluten