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Emergency: Care And Transportation Of The Sick And Injured > Chapter 6: The Human Body > Flashcards

Chapter 6: The Human Body Flashcards

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1
Q

The body cavity that contains the major organs of digestion and excretion. It is located below the diaphragm and above the pelvis.

A

Abdomen

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2
Q

The depression on the lateral pelvis, where its three component bones join, in which the femoral head fits snugly. (The socket of the hipbone)

A

Acetabulum

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3
Q

a firm prominence of cartilage that forms the upper part of the larynx. It is more prominent in men than in women. Also called the thyroid cartilage.

A

Adam’s apple

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4
Q

The nucleotide involved in energy metabolism; used to store energy.

A

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

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5
Q

Endocrine glands located on top of the kidneys that release adrenaline when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system.

A

Adrenal glands

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6
Q

Pertaining to nerves that release the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, or noradrenaline; also pertains to the receptors acted on by norepinephrine.

A

Adrenergic

Part of the autonomic nervous system

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7
Q

Metabolism that can only proceed in the presence of oxygen.

A

Aerobic metabolism

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8
Q

Occasional, gasping breaths that occur after the heart has stopped; seen in dying patients.

A

Agonal gasps

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9
Q

A type of energy that is emitted from a strong radiological source; it is the least harmful penetrating type of radiation and cannot travel more than a few inches or penetrate most objects.

A

Alpha

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10
Q

Portions of the nervous system that, when stimulated, can cause constriction of blood vessels.

A

Alpha-adrenergic receptors

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11
Q

The air sacs of the lungs in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.

A

Alveoli

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12
Q

The metabolism that takes place in the absence of oxygen; the main by-product is lactic acid.

A

anaerobic metabolism

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13
Q

The position of reference in which the patient stands facing forward, arms at the side, with the palms of the hands forward.

A

anatomic position

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14
Q

The main artery leaving the left side of the heart, which receives blood from the left ventricle and delivers it to all the other arteries that carry blood to the tissues of the body.

A

Aorta

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15
Q

The portion of the skeletal system that comprises the arms, legs, pelvis, and the shoulder girdle.

A

Appendicular skeleton

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16
Q

A small tubular structure that is attached to the lower border of the cecum in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen.

A

Appendix

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17
Q

The smallest branches of arteries leading to the vast network of capillaries.

A

Arterioles

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18
Q

A blood vessel, consisting of three layers of tissue and smooth muscle, that carries blood away from the heart.

A

Artery

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19
Q

A pearly white layer of specialized cartilage covering the articular structures (contact surfaces on the ends) of bones in synovial joints.

A

Articular cartilage

20
Q

One of two (right and left) upper chambers of the heart. The right receives blood from the vena cava and delivers it to the right ventricle. The left receives blood from pulmonary veins and delivers it to the left ventricle.

A

Atrium

21
Q

The part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary activities of the body, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion of food.

A

Autonomic Nervous System

22
Q

The part of the skeleton comprising the skull, spinal column, and rib cage.

A

Axial skeleton

23
Q

A joint that allows internal and external rotation, as well as bending.

A

Ball-and-socket joint

24
Q

A type of energy that is emitted from a strong radiologic source; is slightly more penetrating than alpha and requires a layer of clothing to stop it.

A

Beta

25
Q

Portions of the nervous system that, when stimulated, can cause an increase in the force of contraction of the heart, an increased heart rate, and bronchial dilation.

A

Beta-adrenergic Receptors

26
Q

The large muscle that covers the front of the humerus.

A

Biceps

27
Q

The ducts that convey bile between the liver and the intestine.

A

Bile ducts

28
Q

The pressure that the blood exerts against the walls of the arteries as it passes through them.

A

Blood Pressure (BP)

29
Q

The major vessel in the upper extremities that supplies blood to the arm.

A

Brachial Artery

30
Q

The controlling organ of the body and center of consciousness; functions include perception, control of reactions to the environment, emotional responses, and judgement.

A

Brain

31
Q

The area of the brain between the spinal cord and cerebrum, surrounded by the cerebellum; controls functions that are necessary for life, such as respiration.

A

Brain Stem

32
Q

The tiny blood vessels between the arterioles and the venules that permit transfer of oxygen, cabon dixide, and waste between body tissues and the blood.

A

Capillary Vessels

33
Q

The heart muscle

A

Cardiac Muscle

34
Q

A measure of the volume of blood circulated by the heart in 1 minute, calculated by multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate.

A

Cardiac Output

35
Q

The major artery that supplies blood to the head and the brain.

A

Carotid artery

36
Q

The smooth connective tissue that forms the support structure of the skeletal system and provides cushioning between bones; also forms the nasal septum and portions of the outer ear

A

Cartilage

37
Q

The first part of the Large intestine, into which the ileum opens.

A

Cecum

38
Q

The brain and the spinal cord.

A

Central Nervous System

39
Q

One of the three major subdivisions of the brain, sometimes called the little brain; coordinates the various activities of the brain, particularly fine body movements.

A

Cerebellum

40
Q

Fluid produced in the ventricles of the brain that flows in the subarachnoid space and bathes the meninges.

A

CSF

Cerebro-Spinal Fluid

41
Q

The largest part of the subdivisions of the brain, sometimes called the gray matter; made up of several lobes that control movement, hearing, balance, speech, visual perception, emotions, and personality.

A

Cerebrum

42
Q

The portion of the spinal column consisting of the first seven vertebrae that lie in the neck.

A

Cervical Spine

43
Q

Thin brands of fibrous tissue that attach to the valves in the heart and prevent them from inverting.

A

Chordae Tendineae

44
Q

The substance that leaves the stomach. It is a combination of all of the eaten foods with added stomach acids.

A

Chyme

45
Q

The complex arrangement of connected tubes, including the arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins, that moves blood, oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide, and cellular waste throughout the body.

A

Circulatory System

46
Q

The collarbone; it is lateral to the sternum and anterior to the scapula.

A

Clavicle

47
Q

The last three or four vertebrae of the spine; the tail bone.

A

Coccyx

Emergency: Care And Transportation Of The Sick And Injured (15 decks)

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