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EMT > Chapter 6-The Human Body > Flashcards

Chapter 6-The Human Body Flashcards

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1
Q

Coronal (frontal) plane

A

divides the body front to back

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2
Q

Sagittal (lateral) plane

A

divides the body left and right (do not need to be divided equally)

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3
Q

Midsagittal (midline) plane

A

divides the body into equal left and right halves

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4
Q

Transverse (axial) plane

A

divides the body horizontally into top and bottom sections

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5
Q

Joints

A

where two bones meet

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6
Q

Ligaments

A

fibrous tissues that connect bone to bone

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7
Q

Tendons

A

attach bone to tissue

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8
Q

How many bones in the skeletal system?

A

206

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9
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

forms the longitudinal axis of the body from the skull to the coccyx (includes skull, facial bones, thoracic rib cage and vertebral spinal column)

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10
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

comprises the upper and lower extremities and the points by which they connect to the axial skeleton

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11
Q

How many bones in the skull?

A
  1. Three groups. Cranium. Facial Bones. Three small bones in the ear.
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12
Q

Cranium

A

protects the brain. consists of 4 bones. Occiput (posterior), temporal (lateral), parietal (between temporal and occiput) and frontal (forehead)

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13
Q

Facial bones number

A
  1. Upper non movable jawbones (maxillae). Cheekbones (zygomas). Lower, movable portion of jaw (mandible). Orbits. Short bones that form bridge of nose.
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14
Q

How many vertebrae in spinal colum?

A
  1. Divided into 5 sections.
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15
Q

Name the five sections of the vertebrae

A

Cervical Spine (neck) has 7 vertebrae. Thoracic Spine (upper back) has one pair of ribs attached to each of the 12 vertebrae. Lumbar spine (lower back) has 5. Sacrum (back wall of pelvis) consists of 5 fused vertebrae that join the pelvis. Coccyx (tailbone) consists of 5 fused vertebrae.

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16
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Contains the heart, lungs, esophagus and great vessels.

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17
Q

Sternum

A

Midline of the chest. Made up of the manubrium, body and xiphoid process.

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18
Q

Shoulder Girdle

A

where the clavicle (collarbone), scapula (shoulder blade) and humerus (upper arm) come together AKA Pectoral Girdle

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19
Q

Pelvic Girdle

A

consists of two large hip bones (coxae), the sacrum and the coccyx. Each coxa is formed by fusion of the ilium, ischium and pubis.

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20
Q

Upper Arm

A

Humerus, Single Bone of Upper Arm

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21
Q

Forearm

A

Radius (lateral/thumb side) and Ulna (medial, little finger side)

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22
Q

Upper Leg

A

Femur (longest and one of the strongest bones in the body). AKA thighbone.

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23
Q

Lower Leg

A

Tibia and FIbula

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24
Q

Foot Bones

A

Tarsals, Metatarsals and phalanges

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25
Q

Functions of the Skeletal System

A

Gives the body its shape. Framework to attach soft tissue and organs. Structural Support. Protects the fragile organs. Allows for movement. Stores calcium. Helps create blood cells.

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26
Q

Musculoskeletal Functions

A

Movement, Protection for vital organs. Production of heat by shivering.

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27
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

Attaches to the bones of the skeleton and forms the major muscle mass of the body. Voluntary muscle. Striped appearance. Striated Muscle.

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28
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

Involuntary. Found within blood vessels and intestines.

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29
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

Involuntary. Found only within the heart. Unique, can generate its own electrical impulses.

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30
Q

Anatomy

A

Field of study that focuses on the physical structure of the body and its systems

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31
Q

Physiology

A

Examining the normal function and activities of body and biologic components

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32
Q

Pathophysiology

A

Study of functional changes that accompany a particular disease or syndrome.

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33
Q

Cells

A

Foundation of human body. Cells—>Tissues—>Organs—>Body Systems

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34
Q

Vertebral Column

A

Spinal Column

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35
Q

Thoracic Cage

A

Rib Cage`

36
Q

Cartilage

A

Cushion between bones

37
Q

Flexion

A

Bending

38
Q

Extension

A

Straightening

39
Q

Foramen Magnum

A

At the base of cranium, large opening, serves as the passageway for the spinal cord to connect with the brain and descend into the spinal/vertebral column.

40
Q

Maxillae

A

Upper Jawbones

41
Q

Madible

A

Lower Jawbones

42
Q

Zygomas

A

Cheek Bones

43
Q

Atlas

A

First Cervical Vertebra

44
Q

Axis

A

Second Cervical Vertebra

45
Q

Intervertebral Disks

A

Cushioning, shock absorbing structures between gaps of vertebrae

46
Q

Thorax

A

Chest-containing the heart, lungs, esophagus and greater vessels (aorta and superior and inferior venae cavae)

47
Q

Manubrium

A

Uppermost section of sternum, superior edge forms a landmark called the sternal notch

48
Q

Sternal Body

A

Largest bony section of the sternum

49
Q

Xiphoid Process

A

Narrow cartilaginous structure at inferior tip of sternum.

50
Q

Clavicle

A

Collarbone (only joint that directly connects the shoulder/pectoral girdle and the axial skeleton.

51
Q

Scapula

A

Shoulder Blade (supported and positioned by skeletal muscles and has no bony or ligamentous connections to the thoracic cage)

52
Q

Eight Bones that form that wrist are called

A

Carpals

53
Q

Metacarpals #

A

5, which form the palm of the hand

54
Q

Coxae

A

Two large hip bones in the pelvic girdle. Formed by the fusion of the ilium, ischium and the pubis.

55
Q

Tibia

A

Larger of the two lower leg bones, medial side.

56
Q

Fibula

A

Smaller of the two lower leg bones. Lateral side of the lower leg. AKA shinbone.

57
Q

of Tarsal Bones in Foot

A

Seven

58
Q

Calcaneus

A

Heal Bone

59
Q

Biceps

A

Upper arm muscles, located on the anterior aspect of the humerus. Bends the elbow by moving the lower part of the arm toward the head.

60
Q

Triceps

A

Three headed muscle of the back of the arm that functions to straighten the elbow.

61
Q

of muscles in musculoskeletal system

A

more than 600

62
Q

Homeostatis

A

The body’s self regulating process of preserving internal balance or equilibrium in order to survive

63
Q

Anterior Muscles

A

Flexing of the Biceps, Perctoralis, Rectus Abdominis, Tibialis Anterior, Quadriceps (four separate mucles)

64
Q

Posterior Muscles

A

Extending of the Triceps, Latissimus Dorsi, Gastrocnemius, Bicep Femoris, Gluteus (3 separate muscles)

65
Q

Aerobic Metabolism

A

Metabolism that can proceed only in the presence of oxygen.

66
Q

Alpha-Adrenergic Receptors

A

Portions of the nervous system that when stimulated can cause constriction of the blood vessels.

67
Q

Anaerobic Metabolism

A

Metabolism that takes place in the absence of oxygen; the main by product is lactic acid

68
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

part of the nervous system that regulates functions, such as digestion and sweating, that are not controlled voluntarily.

69
Q

Axons

A

Extensions of a neuron that carry impulses away from the nerve cell body to the dendrites (receivers) of another neuron

70
Q

beta-adrenergic receptors

A

portions of the nervous system that when stimulated can cause an increase in the force of contraction of the heart, increased heart rate and bronchial dilation

71
Q

cecum

A

the first part of the large intestine, into which the ileum opens

72
Q

cellular metabolism

A

a set of chemical reaction that supplies cells with energy. includes both aerobic and anaerobic metabolsim

73
Q

central nervous system CNS

A

the brain and spinal cord

74
Q

chyme

A

the substance that leaves the stomach. combination of all the eaten foods with added stomach acids.

75
Q

diffusion

A

movement of gas from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

76
Q

enzymes

A

substances designed to speed up the rate of specific biochemical reactions

77
Q

germinal layer

A

the deepest layer of the epidermis where new skin cells are formed

78
Q

hypercapnia

A

an abnormally high level of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, also called hypecarbia

79
Q

hypoperfusion

A

condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to main normal cellular function also called shock

80
Q

hypoixa

A

deficient oxygen concentration in the tissues

81
Q

hypoxic drive

A

a back up system to control respiration; senses drop in the oxygen level in the blood.

82
Q

lactic acid

A

a metabolic by product of the glucose that cumulates when metabolism proceeds in the absence of oxygen

83
Q

respiratory compromise

A

the inability of the body to move gas effectively

84
Q

somatic nervous system

A

The part of the nervous system that regulates activities over which there is voluntary control

85
Q

stratum corneum

A

the outermost or dead layer of skin

86
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

the adrenergic part of the autonomic peripheral nervous system response for the fight or flight response

87
Q

V/Q Ratio

A

A measurement that examines how much gas is being moved effectively and how much blood is flowwing around the alveoli where gas exchange (perfusion) occurs.

EMT (21 decks)

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