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Phlebotomy > Chapter 6: The Circulatory System > Flashcards

Chapter 6: The Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

Blood Vessel structure

A

walls are composed of endothelial tissue, smooth muscle, and connective tissue

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2
Q

lumen

A

space within blood vessel blood flows through

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3
Q

arteries

A

large, thick-walled blood vessels that propel O2 rich blood

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4
Q

aorta

A

largest artery; branches into smaller arteries (branches straight off the heart)

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5
Q

radial artery

A

artery located near the thumb side of wrist; most common site for obtaining a pulse rate

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6
Q

carotid artery

A

artery located near the side of the neck; the most accessible site to check for a pulse rate in an emergency

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7
Q

brachial artery

A

artery located in the antecubital space of the elbow; the most common place to obtain a blood pressure reading

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8
Q

femoral artery

A

artery located in the groin area; may be used for arterial punctures by specially trained personnel

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9
Q

pulmonary artery

A

only artery that does not carry oxygenated blood (carries blood from heart to lungs)

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10
Q

veins

A

thinner walls carry O2 poor blood, CO2, other waste products back to heart; have one way valves

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11
Q

capillaries

A

smallest vessel; contain arterial and venous blood

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12
Q

superior vena cava

A

vein that carries blood from the upper body to the heart

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13
Q

inferior vena cava

A

vein that carries blood from the lower body to the heart

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14
Q

great saphenous

A

principle vein in the leg and longest vein in the body

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15
Q

pulmonary vein

A

only vein carrying oxygenated blood (from lung to heart)

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16
Q

heart location

A

hollow, muscular organ located in thoracic cavity between lungs and to the left

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17
Q

heart layers (outer to inner)

A

epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium

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18
Q

heart chambers

A

right and left atrium (collect blood), right and left ventricles (pump blood)

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19
Q

right side of heart

A

pump for pulmonary circulation

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20
Q

left side of heart

A

pump for the systemic circulation

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21
Q

Blood pathway #1

A

superior and inferior vena cava bring O2 poor blood to R.A.

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22
Q

blood pathway #2

A

blood passes through the tricuspid valve to R.V.

23
Q

Blood pathway #3

A

R.V. contracts and pumps blood through the pulmonary semilunar valve

24
Q

Blood pathway #4

A

blood is transported by the pulmonary arteries to both lungs for oxygenation

25
Q

blood pathway #5

A

oxygenated blood is brought back to the left atrium by the pulmonary veins

26
Q

blood pathways #6

A

blood passed through bicuspid (mitral) valve into L.V.

27
Q

blood pathway #7

A

blood leaves the L.V. through aortic semilunar valve into aorta

28
Q

Heart disorders

A

angina pectoris, bacterial endocarditis, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, pericarditis, rheumatic heart disease

29
Q

Cardiac Cycle

A

contraction (systolic) and relaxation (diastolic) of the cardiac muscle that occurs in one heartbeat

30
Q

Cardiac Cycle Path

A

1.SA Node
2.AV Node
3.Bundle of His
4.R/L Bundle Branches
5.Purkinje Fibers

31
Q

SA node

A

in upper right atrium, pacemaker of heart, initiates the heartbeat

32
Q

AV node

A

in lower interatrial septum, receives the electrical impulse, both right and left atria contract, forcing blood into ventricles

33
Q

purkinje fibers

A

covers ventricles, causes ventricular contraction

34
Q

electrocardiogram

A

measures cardiac cycle with electrodes, P wave represents transmission of the SA node to atria, GRS complex and T wave represents activity of ventricles

35
Q

heart rate/pulse rate

A

60-80 times per minute

36
Q

arrhythmia

A

irregular heart rate

37
Q

bradycardia

A

<60 bpm

38
Q

tachycardia

A

> 100 bpm

39
Q

blood pressure

A

pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of blood vessels during contraction and relaxation

40
Q

Blood components

A

plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets

41
Q

plasma

A

55% of total blood volume; clear pale-yellow fluid that is 91% water

42
Q

plasma contents

A

proteins, nutrients, mineral, gases, vitamins, hormones, waste products, 91% water; has Abs that react with Ags on RBCs

43
Q

RBCs

A

contain hemoglobin for transporting O2 and CO2; contain surface Ags that make up ABO and Rh type

44
Q

WBCs

A

provides immunity; 5 types

45
Q

neutrophils

A

kill bacteria, respond to inflammation

46
Q

lymphocytes

A

kill viruses; make antibodies

47
Q

monocytes

A

digest foreign material

48
Q

eosinophils

A

kills parasites, respond to allergies

49
Q

basophils

A

release histamine

50
Q

platelets

A

small irregular cell fragments that cause blood to clot

51
Q

Coagulation Stage 1

A

blood vessels constrict (minimize blood loss), platelets become sticky; platelets clump to form a plug at the site of vascular damage

52
Q

Coagulation Stage 2

A

coagulation cascade; series of proteins that get activated, form hairlike strands to fill in gaps between platelets to make a more secure clot

53
Q

Coagulation Stage 3

A

clot retracts bringing the torn vessel edges closer together

54
Q

Coagulation Stage 4

A

damage to vessel is repaired, clot gets dissolved

Phlebotomy (5 decks)

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