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Phlebotomy > Chapter 5: Basic A&P > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Basic A&P Flashcards

1
Q

Levels of Organization of the body

A

cell, tissue, organ, body system, organism

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2
Q

anatomical position

A

body standing erect, head facing forward, and arms by sides with palms forward

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3
Q

supine

A

body lying horizontal on back face up

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4
Q

prone

A

body laying face down

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5
Q

frontal plane

A

divides the body into the anterior and posterior

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6
Q

sagittal plane

A

divides body vertically into right and left

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7
Q

transverse plane

A

divides body horizontally into upper and lower

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8
Q

thoracic cavity

A

lungs, heart

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9
Q

abdominal cavity

A

liver, stomach, intestines, kidneys

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10
Q

pelvic cavity

A

uterus, testes, bladder

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11
Q

cranial cavity

A

brain

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12
Q

spinal cavity

A

spinal cord

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13
Q

body systems

A

integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, respiratory, digestive, urinary, endocrine

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14
Q

integumentary system functions

A

protection regulation, sensation, secretion

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15
Q

integumentary system components

A

skin, hair, sebaceous and sudoriferous glands

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16
Q

integumentary system disorders

A

acne, dermatitis, eczema, impetigo, psoriasis, skin cancer, infection

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17
Q

integumentary system tests

A

culture and sensitivity, skin biopsy

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18
Q

skeletal system function

A

support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood cell formation

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19
Q

skeletal system components

A

bones, connective tissue, joint

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20
Q

skeletal system disorders

A

arthritis, bursitis, gout, osteoporosis, scoliosis, spina bifida

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21
Q

skeletal system tests

A

ALP (alkaline phosphatase, elevated in bone degradation), ANA (antinuclear Ab), Ca, Phos, Vit D, RF (rheumatoid factor), synovial fluid

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22
Q

muscular system function

A

provides body movement

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23
Q

muscular system components

A

skeletal, smooth, cardiac

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24
Q

skeletal muscle

A

attaches to bone, voluntary movement

25
Q

smooth muscle

A

surround digestive tract, respiratory, urinary tract, vasculature, involuntary movement

26
Q

cardiac muscle

A

heart muscle, involuntary

27
Q

muscular system disorders

A

atrophy muscular dystrophy, myasthenia gravis, tendinitis

28
Q

muscular system tests

A

creatine kinase (CK level), lactic acid, myoglobin, LDH, Mg, K

29
Q

nervous system function

A

communication, integration, and controls all body functions through sensory stimuli

30
Q

nervous system components

A

neurons, central nervous system, peripheral nervous system

31
Q

neurons

A

complex cells, transmit impulses

32
Q

central nervous system

A

consists of brain and spinal cord, receives all nerve impulses

33
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

controls voluntary and involuntary impulses

34
Q

nervous system disorders

A

alzheimer’s, Bell’s palsy, cerebal palsy, CVA, encephalitis, epilepsy, MS, meningitis, Pakrinson’s, Reye’s, shingles

35
Q

nervous system tests

A

done with 40mL of spiral fluid from a lumbar puncture; CSF cell count/differential, culture, glucose, protein, lead, lithium, toxicology

36
Q

respiratory system function

A

exchanges O2 and CO2 between blood, air, and tissue

37
Q

respiratory system components

A

respiration, gas transport, and acid-base balance

38
Q

external respiration

A

exchange between blood and lungs

39
Q

internal respiration

A

exchange between blood and tissue

40
Q

respiratory system disorders

A

apnea, asthma, bronchitis, COPD, cystic fibrosis, emphysema, pneumonia, pulmonary edema, RSV, strep throat, tonsilitis, tuberculosis

41
Q

respiratory system tests

A

arterial blood gas (overall O2 and CO2 state), CBC, electrolytes, PPD skin test (tuberculosis), sweat chloride (cystic fibrosis), culture and sensitivity (if infection is suspected)

42
Q

Digestive system function

A

absorption of nutrients and elimination of waste

43
Q

digestive system components

A

alimentary/GI tract and accessory organs

44
Q

digestive system disorders

A

appendicitis, cholecystitis, cirrhosis, Crohn’s, diverticulosis, gastritis, gastroenteritis, hemorrhoids, hernia, hepatitis, pancreatitis, peritonitis, ulcers

45
Q

digestive system accessory organs

A

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

46
Q

digestive system tests

A

hepatic panel, amylase (pancreas), lipase (pancreas), stool studies, culture and sensitivities

47
Q

urinary system function

A

removes metabolic waste and excess water, maintains body’s balance of essential water and electrolytes

48
Q

urinary system components

A

2 kidneys, 2 ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

49
Q

urinary system disorders

A

cystitis, glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, renal caliculi, renal failure, uremia, urinary tract infection

50
Q

urinary system tests

A

albumin, BUN (blood urea nitrogen), creatinine, electrolytes, osmolality, GFR, uric acid, urinalysis

51
Q

endocrine system function

A

produces and regulates hormones, which are responsible for metabolism, growth and development, reproduction, and stress response

52
Q

endocrine system components

A

pituitary gland, parathyroid gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, testes, and ovaries

53
Q

endocrine system disorders

A

addison’s, cushing’s, diabetes mellitus, acromegaly, diabetes insipidus, dwarfism, gigantism, goiter, Grave’s

54
Q

endocrine system tests

A

ACTH, ADH, aldosterone, catecholamines, T3 and T4, PTH, insulin, GH (growth hormone), somatostatin, GTT (glucose tolerance test)

55
Q

reproductive system functions

A

production of gametes, fertilization, and embryo maintenance

56
Q

reproductive system tests

A

beta human chorionic gonadotropin (B-HCG), prostate-specific Ag (PSA), Papanicolaou smear (PAP smear)

57
Q

lymphatic system functions

A

removal of cellular waste and production of B and T cells

58
Q

lymphatic system tests

A

antinuclear antibody (ANA), monospot, and T cell count

Phlebotomy (5 decks)

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