Chapter 6 - The Aware Mind

Question 1

Non-REM Stage 1

Answer 1

lightest sleep (“hypnogogic” state)
- Theta brain waves

Question 2

Myoclonia

Answer 2

startle awake after feeling of falling
- occurs during sleep stage 1

Question 3

Non-REM Stage 2

Answer 3

mid-sleep
- K-Complex

Question 4

sleep spindles

Answer 4

bursts of neural activity
- occur during sleep stage 2

Question 5

Non-REM Stage 3

Answer 5

deep sleep
- delta waves 20% = beginning of slower waves
- heart & breathing = slow & regular

Question 6

Non-REM Stage 4

Answer 6

deepest sleep
- Delta waves = almost 100%
- BP & brain activity @ lowest points

Question 7

REM sleep

Answer 7

Rapid Eye Movement sleep
- “active sleep” or “paradoxical sleep”
- 20-25% of a night’s sleep

Question 8

REM brain activity

Answer 8

intense brain activity (consolidate learning & memory, increase motor skills)
- brain temp rises rapidly
- epinephrine release increases: BP, HR, respiration

Question 9

REM body activity

Answer 9

body appears calm
- large muscles = paralyzed
- eyes dart around
- dreaming

Question 10

sleep deprivation

Answer 10

leads to:
- poor concentration & cognition, irritability
- impaired learning
- long-term health problems

Question 11

REM rebound

Answer 11

increase in length & intensity of REM sleep after sleep deprivation OR alcohol/drug use
- associated with nightmares

Question 12

REM dream

Answer 12

REM sleep = continually dreaming
- story-like (vivid, emotional)

Question 13

NREM dream

Answer 13

less frequent & memorable than REM dreams

Question 14

Freudian interpretation

Answer 14

dreams satisfy unconscious sexual/aggressive desires
1. manifest content: as dreamer remembers
2. latent content: underlying meaning

Question 15

problem-focused interpretation

Answer 15

dreams = express ongoing concerns & can clarify current problems

Question 16

activation-synthesis hypothesis

Answer 16

dreams = brain trying to make sense of random brain activity during sleep (dreams don’t mean anything)

Question 17

somnambulism

Answer 17

sleepwalking - occurs during partial arousal from stage 4

Question 18

sleep terror

Answer 18

piercing scream - occurs during partial arousal from stage 4

Question 19

nightmare

Answer 19

frightening dream that happens during REM

Question 20

somniloquy

Answer 20

sleeptalking - occurs during any sleep stage, common in children

Question 21

parasomnia

Answer 21

sleep phenomena (sleepwalking, sleep terror, nightmare, somniloquy)

Question 22

narcolepsy

Answer 22

incurable sleep disorder = excessive daytime sleepiness & sudden attacks of REM sleep

Question 23

sleep apnea

Answer 23

breathing stops during sleep; person must wake up to breath again

Question 24

insomnia

Answer 24

difficulty falling/staying asleep, waking up too early

Question 25

psychoactive drug

Answer 25

substance that alters mood, perception, or thought

Question 26

stimulant

Answer 26

drug that speeds up CNS (“upper”)
- ranges from euphoric/confident to jittery/hyper
- overdose = convulsions, heart failure, death
- caffeine, meth, cocaine, nicotine, speed

Question 27

depressant

Answer 27

drug that slows down CNS
- ranges from calm/drowsy to complete numbness
- overdose = irregular heartbeat, death
- alcohol, valium, xanax

Question 28

opiate

Answer 28

pain reliever
- mimics endorphines (euphoria, reduced anxiety)
- opium, heroine, meth

Question 29

hallucinogen

Answer 29

disrupts normal thought processes
- can be pleasant or unpleasant
- LSD, mushrooms, peyote

Question 30

marijuana

Answer 30

doesn’t fit into any class of drugs
- most commonly used illicit drug
- stimulating, relaxing, psychedelic