Chapter 11 - The Developing Mind Flashcards
maturation
systematic physical growth
germinal stage
first 2 weeks: conception, cell division, uterine implantation
embryonic stage
2-8 weeks post-conception: major organs are formed
fetus stage
weeks 9-40: continued development of all major organs
neonatal period
birth - 2 weeks: newborn
- weak & dependent
- rooting & suckling
- has all senses but limited vision (can see 12 in away)
- sleep 16 hours/day
infancy
2 weeks - 2 years
- 1st year = most rapid growth of entire life
- 2 months = raise head, vision increase to 12 ft
- 6 months = roll over, crawl, full vision
- 1 year = walk
- 2 years = toddle/explore
infancy social development
- neonate: surprise, pleasure, distress
- 2 months: first social behavior (smile)
- 4-9 months: anger & separation anxiety
- 2 years: complex emotions (guilt/shame, attachments)
early childhood
2-7 years
- improved muscle control & coordination
- full range of positive & negative emotions
early childhood behavior
- 2 years = solitary play
- 2-5 years = parallel play
- 5+ years = cooperative play
play differently based on gender
middle childhood
7-11 years
- growth = slower
- improved strength & coordination
- formal education begins
- peers become more important
- most friends = same gender
adolescence
- rapid physical growth & change
- peers = more important than parents
- end = unclear
adolescent physical development
- puberty: developmental point where individual becomes capable of reproducing.
primary sex characteristics: - girls @ 12.5 = ovulation & menstruation
- boys @ 14 = production of sperm cells
secondary sex characteristics
girls = fat in breasts (budding), fat in hips, pubic hair
boys = testes & penis grow, broad shoulders, deep voice, pubic & facial hair
adolescent social development
peers = most influential
1. parent-child conflicts: dating, behavior, social activities
2. mood changes: shifty, extreme highs & lows
3. risky behavior: alcohol, drugs, reckless driving, sex, suicide risk
adulthood stages
- early adulthood: body continues to grow & strengthen until the end of this stage
- age 25: body begins slow decline
- middle-older: steady decline (impaired vision, hearing, strength)
adulthood personality
as we age, on AVERAGE:
- we normally become less outgoing, emotional/anxious, & creative
- we become more agreeable, dependable, & accepting of life
adulthood critical periods
climacteric: period between 45-60 years when capacity to reproduce leaves for women & declines for men
- decreased sex drive for both
Harry Harlow
attachment/deprivation study
- study monkeys: contact with mother/others is needed for development
- touching infants = physical & emotional benefits
Jean Piaget
all children go through 4 cognitive stages regardless of culture
1. sensorimotor
2. preoperational
3. concrete operational
4. formal operational
sensorimotor stage
birth to 2 years
- infants develop a sense of the world through senses & motor activity
- object permanence (6-9 months)
preoperational stage
2-7 years
- child can’t perform logical mental functions but can think symbolically
- egocentrism = self-centered in thinking, can’t think of things from another person’s perspective
animism = inanimate objects = alive (active imagination)
concrete operational stage
7-11 years
- children can perform logical thinking
- reversibility = can reverse operations (7+2=9 can be 9-2=7)
- conservation = recognize that volume of liquid doesn’t change when it gets put in different cups
formal operational stage
11+ years
- capable of abstract thought (what if?)
adolescent egocentrism
part of formal operational stage (11+ years)
- believing everyone is focused on them (self-consciousness)
- imaginary audience = everyone is watching
- personal fable = no one knows what they’re going through
