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Chemistry 20 > Chapter 6: Textbook > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Textbook Flashcards

1
Q

Would a solution of molecular compound be acidic, basic or neutral?

A

Neutral

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2
Q

Would a solution of Ionic compound be acidic, basic or neutral?

A

Neutral

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3
Q

What did Svante Arrhenius say about acids and bases?

A

Acids are substances that ionize in aqueous solutions to to form hydrogen ions, and bases are substances that dissociate to form hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions

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4
Q

What are properties of acidic solutions related to?

A

Hydrogen Ions

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5
Q

What are properties of basic solutions related to?

A

Hydrocide ions

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6
Q

What is the chemical formula for the hydronium ion?

A

‎H3O+

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7
Q

Why is the hydronium ion created?

A

When an acid dissolves in water the h+ ion bonds with H2O

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8
Q

Who invented the hydronium ion?

A

Paul Giguere

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9
Q

What does a modern view of of the nature of solutions say about acids?

A

Hydronium ions are responsible for acidic properties

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10
Q

What is use to measure the strengths of acids or bases?

A

A pH meter

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11
Q

What causes an acidic solution to become more acidic?

A

The greater the concentration of hydronium ions

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12
Q

What causes a basic solution to become more acidic?

A

The greater the concentrations of hydroxide ions

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13
Q

Why does neutral water always contain trace amounts of both hydronium and hydroxide ions?

A

This is due to very slight ionization. About 2 out of every billion molecular collisions form hydronium and hydroxide ions

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14
Q

In pure water at SATP what is the concentration of hydronium ions?

A

Very low. Often negligible. Conductivity tests show that no conductivity

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15
Q

What is the concentration of hydronium ions in aqueous solutions?

A

There is a very wide range

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16
Q

What type of solutions containing hydronium ions can be considered acidic, basic, or neutral?

A

Any solution containing hydronium ions can be classified as acidic basic or neutral

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17
Q

What is the concentration of hydronium ions in a neutral solution?

A

[H3O+(aq)] = 1 x 10^-7 mol/L

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18
Q

What is the concentration of hydronium ions in a acidic solution?

A

[H3O+(aq)] >1 x 10^-7 mol/L

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19
Q

What is the concentration of hydronium ions in a basic solution?

A

[H3O+(aq)] < 1 x 10^-7 mol/L

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20
Q

Who produced the term pH or power of hydrogen?

A

Soren Sorensen

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21
Q

What is the pH of a solution defined as?

A

The negative of the exponent to the base ten of the hydronium ion concentration. ex 10^-7 has a pH of 7

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22
Q

When is defining the pH of solution based on their negative exponents convenient?

A

When the negative exponent is a whole number, which i rarely the case

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23
Q

What are acid base indicators?

A

Substances that change color when the acidity of a solution changes

24
Q

What is litmus paper obtained from?

25
Q

What are the 3 common acid base indicators?

A

Litmus paper Lt
Bromothymol blue Bb
Phenolphthalein In

26
Q

What do the forms of an acid base indicator depend on?

A

Weather a particular hydrogen atom is present in the indicators molecule

27
Q

What is the lower pH form of an indicator called?

28
Q

What is the higher pH form of an indicator called?

29
Q

What pH levels does litmus papers usually change colors between?

A

6.0 - 8.0 Between these pH’s you will see mixtures of red and blue

30
Q

What are the 2 primary uses of acid base indicators?

A
  • To mark the end of titration

- To estimate the pH of a solution

31
Q

What is bromothymol blue paper used for?

A

To test aquarium water pH values between 6.0 and 7.6

32
Q

What is the precision of bromothymol blue paper? and why?

A

The precision is to about 0.1 pH unit. Because of the subtle differences in color that can be compared toa chart

33
Q

What does the formation of a hydronium ion mean?

A

That there is a reaction with an H+ ion and water molecules

34
Q

What are acids according to Arrhenius theory?

A

Acids are substances that react with water to produce hydronium ions

35
Q

Why is ammonia considered a base?

A

Because it reacts with water molecules to produce hydroxide ions

36
Q

What are bases according to Arrhenius theory?

A

Substances that react with water to produce hydroxide ions

37
Q

What type of reaction is neutralization?

A

A double replacement reaction

38
Q

According to Arrhenius theory what happens when we mix an acid and base?

A

H3O+ + OH- = 2 H2O

39
Q

What can neutralization be defined as?

A

The reaction between hydronium and hydroxide ions to produce water

40
Q

What is important when comparing acid strengths?

A

The concentration and temperature be controlled

41
Q

When is an acid described as a weak acid?

A

When its characteristic properties under the same conditions are less than those of a common strong acid

42
Q

What are the most common strong acids?

A

Hydrochloric
Sulfuric
Nitric

43
Q

What idea would be consistent with strong acids?

A

That they react completely with water to form hydronium ions

44
Q

What properties does a strong acid have?

A
  • High concentration of H+ to react with H2O
  • High conductivity
  • High rate of reaction with metals
  • Low pH
45
Q

What properties do weak acids have?

A
  • An acid with a low conductivity
  • A low rate of reaction with metals
  • A high pH
  • H+ does not react completely with H2O
46
Q

What is an example of a strong base? Weak base?

A

Sodium Hydroxide

Ammonia

47
Q

What are the characteristics of a strong base?

A
  • High conductivity

- High base

48
Q

What are the characteristics of a weak base?

A
  • Low conductivity

- Low pH

49
Q

How can the behavior of strong bases be explained?

A

Dissociation with increased hydroxide ion concentration

50
Q

What are all soluble ionic hydroxides?

A

Strong bases because 100% of hydroxide ions dissociate

51
Q

What are properties of weak bases?

A

Bases like NH4 do not contain hydroxide ions but they do contain hydroxide ions in a stronger concentration than pure water

52
Q

How does a weak base react with water?

A

They react partially with water to produce relatively few hydroxide ions

53
Q

What are monoprotic acids?

A

Acids with only one hydrogen atom and can only react with hydrogen once

54
Q

What are polyprotic acids?

A

Acids that contain more than one acidic hydrogen atoms and can react more than one with water

55
Q

In polyprotic reactions how is the reaction affected with each reaction with water?

A

The reaction decreases with each reaction

Chemistry 20 (10 decks)

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