Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry 20 > Chapter 6: Textbook > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Textbook Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Would a solution of molecular compound be acidic, basic or neutral?

A

Neutral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Would a solution of Ionic compound be acidic, basic or neutral?

A

Neutral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What did Svante Arrhenius say about acids and bases?

A

Acids are substances that ionize in aqueous solutions to to form hydrogen ions, and bases are substances that dissociate to form hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are properties of acidic solutions related to?

A

Hydrogen Ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are properties of basic solutions related to?

A

Hydrocide ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the chemical formula for the hydronium ion?

A

‎H3O+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why is the hydronium ion created?

A

When an acid dissolves in water the h+ ion bonds with H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Who invented the hydronium ion?

A

Paul Giguere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does a modern view of of the nature of solutions say about acids?

A

Hydronium ions are responsible for acidic properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is use to measure the strengths of acids or bases?

A

A pH meter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What causes an acidic solution to become more acidic?

A

The greater the concentration of hydronium ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What causes a basic solution to become more acidic?

A

The greater the concentrations of hydroxide ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why does neutral water always contain trace amounts of both hydronium and hydroxide ions?

A

This is due to very slight ionization. About 2 out of every billion molecular collisions form hydronium and hydroxide ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In pure water at SATP what is the concentration of hydronium ions?

A

Very low. Often negligible. Conductivity tests show that no conductivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the concentration of hydronium ions in aqueous solutions?

A

There is a very wide range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of solutions containing hydronium ions can be considered acidic, basic, or neutral?

A

Any solution containing hydronium ions can be classified as acidic basic or neutral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the concentration of hydronium ions in a neutral solution?

A

[H3O+(aq)] = 1 x 10^-7 mol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the concentration of hydronium ions in a acidic solution?

A

[H3O+(aq)] >1 x 10^-7 mol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the concentration of hydronium ions in a basic solution?

A

[H3O+(aq)] < 1 x 10^-7 mol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Who produced the term pH or power of hydrogen?

A

Soren Sorensen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the pH of a solution defined as?

A

The negative of the exponent to the base ten of the hydronium ion concentration. ex 10^-7 has a pH of 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When is defining the pH of solution based on their negative exponents convenient?

A

When the negative exponent is a whole number, which i rarely the case

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are acid base indicators?

A

Substances that change color when the acidity of a solution changes

24
Q

What is litmus paper obtained from?

A

Lichen

25
Q

What are the 3 common acid base indicators?

A

Litmus paper Lt
Bromothymol blue Bb
Phenolphthalein In

26
Q

What do the forms of an acid base indicator depend on?

A

Weather a particular hydrogen atom is present in the indicators molecule

27
Q

What is the lower pH form of an indicator called?

A

HIn(aq)

28
Q

What is the higher pH form of an indicator called?

A

In-(aq)

29
Q

What pH levels does litmus papers usually change colors between?

A

6.0 - 8.0 Between these pH’s you will see mixtures of red and blue

30
Q

What are the 2 primary uses of acid base indicators?

A
  • To mark the end of titration

- To estimate the pH of a solution

31
Q

What is bromothymol blue paper used for?

A

To test aquarium water pH values between 6.0 and 7.6

32
Q

What is the precision of bromothymol blue paper? and why?

A

The precision is to about 0.1 pH unit. Because of the subtle differences in color that can be compared toa chart

33
Q

What does the formation of a hydronium ion mean?

A

That there is a reaction with an H+ ion and water molecules

34
Q

What are acids according to Arrhenius theory?

A

Acids are substances that react with water to produce hydronium ions

35
Q

Why is ammonia considered a base?

A

Because it reacts with water molecules to produce hydroxide ions

36
Q

What are bases according to Arrhenius theory?

A

Substances that react with water to produce hydroxide ions

37
Q

What type of reaction is neutralization?

A

A double replacement reaction

38
Q

According to Arrhenius theory what happens when we mix an acid and base?

A

H3O+ + OH- = 2 H2O

39
Q

What can neutralization be defined as?

A

The reaction between hydronium and hydroxide ions to produce water

40
Q

What is important when comparing acid strengths?

A

The concentration and temperature be controlled

41
Q

When is an acid described as a weak acid?

A

When its characteristic properties under the same conditions are less than those of a common strong acid

42
Q

What are the most common strong acids?

A

Hydrochloric
Sulfuric
Nitric

43
Q

What idea would be consistent with strong acids?

A

That they react completely with water to form hydronium ions

44
Q

What properties does a strong acid have?

A
  • High concentration of H+ to react with H2O
  • High conductivity
  • High rate of reaction with metals
  • Low pH
45
Q

What properties do weak acids have?

A
  • An acid with a low conductivity
  • A low rate of reaction with metals
  • A high pH
  • H+ does not react completely with H2O
46
Q

What is an example of a strong base? Weak base?

A

Sodium Hydroxide

Ammonia

47
Q

What are the characteristics of a strong base?

A
  • High conductivity

- High base

48
Q

What are the characteristics of a weak base?

A
  • Low conductivity

- Low pH

49
Q

How can the behavior of strong bases be explained?

A

Dissociation with increased hydroxide ion concentration

50
Q

What are all soluble ionic hydroxides?

A

Strong bases because 100% of hydroxide ions dissociate

51
Q

What are properties of weak bases?

A

Bases like NH4 do not contain hydroxide ions but they do contain hydroxide ions in a stronger concentration than pure water

52
Q

How does a weak base react with water?

A

They react partially with water to produce relatively few hydroxide ions

53
Q

What are monoprotic acids?

A

Acids with only one hydrogen atom and can only react with hydrogen once

54
Q

What are polyprotic acids?

A

Acids that contain more than one acidic hydrogen atoms and can react more than one with water

55
Q

In polyprotic reactions how is the reaction affected with each reaction with water?

A

The reaction decreases with each reaction

Chemistry 20 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions