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Chemistry 20 > Chapter 1: Notes Package > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Notes Package Flashcards

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1
Q

How can you count the number of Significant Digits?

A

Count all the numbers after the number 0s

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2
Q

How do you know how many significant digits you should round to when adding or subtracting?

A

You round to the least number of decimal places of the numbers used

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3
Q

How do you know what number of significant digits to round to when multiplying and dividing?

A

Round to the least number of significant digits

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4
Q

When doing a combined number of calculations, how do you know how many significant digits to round to?

A

Round to the least number of significant digits

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5
Q

Which types of numbers will have an infinite amount of significant digits?

A

Exact numbers have an infinite number of significant digits but they are generally not reported. ex. 2 pencils

Defined numbers also have an infinite number of significant digits. ex 60s/min

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6
Q

What are the 3 main groups of the periodic table?

A

Metals, Non-metals, metalloids

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7
Q

What are characteristics of metals?

A
  • Shiny
  • Metallic Lustre
  • Good conductors of heat and electricity
  • Malleable, ductile
  • Solid at room temperature, except for mercury
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8
Q

What are characteristics of non-metals?

A
  • Dull
  • Does not conduct heat and electricity well
  • Brittle
  • Solid, liquid and gas at room temperature
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9
Q

What are characteristics of metalloids?

A
  • Border staircase line except for aluminum
  • Often brittle solids
  • Conduct electricity but not as well as metals
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10
Q

What are characteristics of halogens?

A

Group 17, extremely reactive with fluorine being the most reactive

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11
Q

What are characterisitcs of Noble gases?

A

Groups 18, very low chemical reactivity

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12
Q

What is the max number of electrons in each energy level?

A

Level 1: 2
Level 2: 8
Level 3: 8
Level 4: 18

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13
Q

What does the period of each electron sits in represent?

A

They represent the number of energy levels an electron has

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14
Q

What are Valence electrons?

A

Electrons in the outermost shell that is not full

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15
Q

What can valence electrons do?

A

They are available for covalent bond or electron exchange to form ions

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16
Q

How would you write a Bohr electron diagram?

A

Write the number of protons and neutrons in the middle, the write dots on each level to represent the number of electron

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17
Q

How do you draw a condensed Bohr diagram?

A

Start with 0 at the bottom the write the total number of electron above. Each new row you right the electrons needed at each energy level

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18
Q

What is an ion?

A

An element that has a positive or negative charge. Which means they are gaining or losing electrons

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19
Q

How can you tell if an atom has gained electrons?

A

Their charge is negative

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20
Q

How can you tell if an atom has lost electrons?

A

Their charge is positive

21
Q

Why do atoms gain or lose electrons?

A

So they have the same number of electrons as the nearest noble gas

22
Q

What are Cations and how do they form?

A

They are positively charged ions. They form when metals lose their valence electrons

23
Q

What are multivalent electrons?

A

Ions that have more than one stable charge

24
Q

What are anions?

A

Ions formed when a non-metal gains electrons into its outer energy level

25
Q

What is an ionic compound?

A

A pure substance formed from metals and non-metals reacting. The metal gives it valence electrons to the non-metal

26
Q

what 3-d figure do ionic compounds form?

A

Crystal Lattice

27
Q

Describe a crystal lattice:

A
  • Each positive ion is surrounded by a negative ion and vice versa.
  • This creates a neutral compound that is solid at room temperature and has a high melting point
28
Q

What is important when writing ionic compounds with multivalent ions?

A

To write their roman numeral to specify which ion you are using

29
Q

What are polyatomic ions?

A

A group of atoms combined together that exist as a single unit with an overall charge

30
Q

What are ionic hydrates?

A

An ionic compound with loosely bonded water molecules

31
Q

What is a molecule?

A

When two or more non-metal atoms bond together. Each molecule is independent and does not form a lattice

32
Q

What are elements that exist as single atoms called?

A

Monoatomic

33
Q

What are the diatomic molecules?

A

H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

34
Q

What are the molecules containing more than 2 atoms?

A

O3, P4, S8

35
Q

What are the prefixes of molecular compounds?

A 
Mono
Di
Tri
Tetra
Penta
Hexa
Septa
Octa
Nona
Deca
36
Q

What is the IUPAC name of Hydrogen peroxide?

A

h2o2

37
Q

What is the IUPAC name of Ammonium?

A

NH3

38
Q

What is the IUPAC name of Glucose?

A

C6H12O6

39
Q

Sucrose

A

C12H22O11

40
Q

Methane

A

CH4

41
Q

Propane

A

C3H8

42
Q

Octane

A

C8H18

43
Q

Methanol

A

CH3OH

44
Q

Ethanol

A

C2H6O

45
Q

Hydrogen Sulfide

A

H2S

46
Q

What are all acids?

A

Ionic compunds`

47
Q

What showes that all acids are disolved in water?

A

The subscript (aq)

48
Q

What do all acids begin or end with?

A

They all begin with H or end with COOH

Chemistry 20 (10 decks)

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