Chapter 6 -- textbook

Question 1

bone remodeling

Answer 1

the building of new bone tissue and breaking down of old bone tissue.

Question 2

A bone is an organ made up of

Answer 2

several different tissues working together: bone (osseous) tissue, cartilage, dense connective tissue, epithelium, adipose tissue, blood, and nervous tissue.

Question 3

The entire framework of bones and their cartilages constitute the skeletal system

Answer 3

skeletal system.

Question 4

The skeletal system performs several basic functions:

Answer 4

Support: supporting soft tissues and providing attachment points for the tendons of most skeletal muscles.

Protection: protects the most important internal organs from injury.

Assistance in movement.

Mineral homeostasis (storage and release): stores several minerals like calcium and phosphorus, which contribute to the strength of bone.

Blood cell production: Within certain bones, a connective tissue called red bone marrow produces red blood cells

Triglyceride storage: Yellow bone marrow consists mainly of adipose cells, which store triglycerides. The stored triglycerides are a potential chemical energy reserve.

Question 5

A long bone

Answer 5

A long bone is one that has greater length than width

Question 6

long bone consists of:

Answer 6

diaphysis, epiphysis, metaphyses, articular cartilage, periosteum, medullary cavity, endosteum

Question 7

diaphyses

Answer 7

The diaphysis is the bone’s—the long, cylindrical, main portion of the bone.

Question 8

epiphyses

Answer 8

are the proximal and distal ends of the bone.

Question 9

Metaphyses

Answer 9

each metaphysis contains an epiphyseal (growth) plate, a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the diaphysis of the bone to grow in length. When a bone ceases to grow in length at about ages 14–24, the cartilage in the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone

Question 10

articular cartilage

Answer 10

articular cartilage is a thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the part of the epiphysis where the bone forms an articulation (joint) with another bone. Articular cartilage reduces friction and absorbs shock at freely movable joints.

Question 11

periosteum

Answer 11

is a tough connective tissue sheath and its associated blood supply that surrounds the bone surface wherever it is not covered by articular cartilage.

The periosteum also protects the bone, assists in fracture repair, helps nourish bone tissue, and serves as an attachment point for ligaments and tendons.

Question 12

medullary cavity

Answer 12

hollow, cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains fatty yellow bone marrow and numerous blood vessels. This cavity minimizes the weight of the bone by reducing the dense bony material where it is least needed. The long bones’ tubular design provides maximum strength with minimum weight.

Question 13

endosteum

Answer 13

The endosteum is a thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity and the internal spaces of spongy bone. It contains a single layer of osteoprogenitor cells and a small amount of connective tissue.

Question 14

Functions of Bone Tissue (short version)

Answer 14

Supports soft tissue and provides attachment for skeletal muscles.

Protects internal organs.

Assists in movement, along with skeletal muscles.

Stores and releases minerals.

Contains red bone marrow, which produces blood cells.

Contains yellow bone marrow, which stores triglycerides (fats).

Question 15

bone tissue

Answer 15

contains an abundant extracellular matrix that surrounds widely separated cells.