chapter 4

Question 1

What is a tissue?

Answer 1

A tissue is a group of cells that usually have a common: embryonic origin and function together to carry out specialized activities
There are 4 basic types of tissues in the human body and they are categorized according to their structure and their function

Question 2

epithelial tissue

Answer 2

covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs, body cavities, and ducts, and forms glands.
tissues that you find on the outside of things

Question 3

connective tissue

Answer 3

protects and supports the body and its organs, binds organs together, stores energy reserved as fat, and provides immunity.
a lot of types
most diverse type of tissue

Question 4

muscle tissue

Answer 4

is responsible for movement and generation of force.
made up of small fibers and cells that combine

Question 5

nervous tissue

Answer 5

initiates and transmits action potentials (nerve impulses) that help coordinate body activities.

Question 6

epithelial vs connective

Answer 6

epithelial tissue with many cells tightly packed together and little to no extracellular matrix – need strong protection or bacteria would get in – does not have a blood supply – has nerves

connective tissue with a few scattered cells surrounded by large amounts of extracellular matrix – has a blood supply - has nerves

Question 7

general functions of epithelial tissue

Answer 7

Cells are arranged in sheets and are densely packed
Many cell junctions are present
Epithelial cells attach to a basement membrane
Epithelial tissue is avascular but does have a nerve supply
Mitosis occurs frequently

Question 8

Connective tissue

Answer 8

very abundant and diverse
-binds things together
supports
strengthens other body tissues
protects and insulates internal organs
serves as the major transport system within the body
contains and distributes almost all of the blood vessels within the body
primary location of stored energy reserves
main source of immune responses

Question 9

2 elements of connective tissue

Answer 9

cells
extracellular matrix

Question 10

Connective tissue is highly vascularized and has a

Answer 10

nerve supply
Exceptions: tendons and cartilage - have a poor blood supply and no nerve supply - not able to repair well

Question 11

matrix

Answer 11

prevents tissue cells from touching one another
can come in fluid, semifluid, gelatinous, fibrous or calcified
high vascularized and has a nerve supply

Question 12

extracellular matrix

Answer 12

Extracellular matrix is located in the spaces between connective tissue cells
Extracellular matrix is composed of fibers and ground substance
influences cell function
has hyaluronic acid

Question 13

collagen fibers

Answer 13

Fibers in the extracellular matrix provide strength and support to a tissue

Question 14

very tough- resistant to stretching– found in bone, tendons, cartilage and ligaments

Answer 14

elastic tissue

Question 15

reticular fibers

Answer 15

fibers found in skin blood vessels and lungs
-provide support in the walls of blood vessels
strong support around fat cells, nerve fibers and muscle fibers

Question 16

Embryonic

Answer 16

mesenchyme
mucous

Question 17

Membranes are

Answer 17

flat sheets of pliable tissue that: cover or line a part of the body

Question 18

serous membranes

Answer 18

Serous membranes - line body cavities that do not open directly to the outside and cover organs in those cavities
`2 layers, parietal and visceral layer - visceral layer closer to organs. Layer around organ, fluid, then parietal layer
find this in spots where you line the heart, lining the lungs, abdominal cavity and your abdominal organs like your stomach

Question 19

Mucous membrane

Answer 19

line body cavities that open on the outside and line organs these cavities - all along digestive tract, urinary tract, respiratory and reproductive tracts, variation/modification with ears

Question 20

Cutaneous membranes

Answer 20

skin covers the surface of the body that contain an articular cavity
top layer epithelium, bottom connective tissue

Question 21

synovial membranes

Answer 21

line joints that contain an articular cavity
brings nutrients, decreases friction
when not moving a lot, you don’t have a lot of fluid in your joints

Question 22

Muscular tissue

Answer 22

consists of fibers that provide:motion, maintain posture and produce heat

Question 23

3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 23

skeletal muscle
cardiac muscle
smooth muscle

Question 24

Two kinds of cells in the nervous tissue:

Answer 24

neurons
neuroglia

Question 25

neurons and neuroglia

Answer 25

Most neurons have a cell body, dendrite, and axons
Neurons can carry sensory or motor information and they can perform integrative functions
Neuroglia protect and support neurons

Question 26

excitable cells

Answer 26

Excitable Cells (passing info through the use of neurons)
Neurons and muscle fibers are considered excitable cells because they exhibit electrical excitability
Electrical excitability is the ability to respond to certain stimuli by producing electrical signals, such as action potentials : which travel along the plasma membrane of a neuron or muscle fiber due to the presence of specific voltage-gated channels

Question 27

Tissue repair is the process that replaces worn out, damaged, or dead cells:

Answer 27

Epithelial cells are replaced by the division of stem cells or undifferentiated cells
Not all connective tissue cells have the ability to repair
Muscle cells can perform limited repair
Some nervous cells can perform limited repair, others cannot

Question 28

fibrosis

Answer 28

is the formation of scar tissue (more dense, lower level of functionality)

Question 29

Aging and tissues

Answer 29

Younger bodies generally experience:
A better nutritional state
A better blood supply to tissues
A faster metabolic rate
Aging slows the process of tissue repair
Aging also results in stiffening and loss of elasticity in tissues

Question 30

homeostatic imbalances

Answer 30

Disorders of epithelial tissues tend to be specific to individual organs, such as ulcers in the stomach
Disorders of connective tissues tend to be autoimmune in nature, such as lupus
Disorders of muscular and nervous tissues will be discussed in later chapters