Chapter 6 - Sport and Gender Relations

Question 1

Critical social theories

Answer 1

Classic sociologists that study and explore stereotypes and racial ideologies

Question 2

gender ideology

Answer 2

A dominant set of interrelated ideas about masculinity and femininity. Prevailing ‘common sense’ beliefs and codes of behaviour

Question 3

habitus

Answer 3

The way that men and women ought to look, act/behave, that they come to embody

Question 4

sex

Answer 4

Classification system that divides men and women based on reproductive capacities / biologically determined features

Question 5

gender

Answer 5

socially constructed cultural expectations about behaviour, attitudes, appearances, and bodies

Question 6

institutionalized binary system

Answer 6

Categorizes people as male and female from birth

Question 7

Transgender (trans)

Answer 7

umbrella term that refers to people whose gender identity does not line up with the sex that was assigned to them at birth

Question 8

non-binary

Answer 8

individual identifying with neither masculine nor feminine

Question 9

Cisgender

Answer 9

individuals whose gender identity corresponds with their assigned sex

Question 10

heteronormativity

Answer 10

privileging of heterosexuality in social institution

Question 11

R.W Connell explored what sociological concept

Answer 11

social construction of gender relations and the gendered arrangements and patterns of society and social institutions

Question 12

male privilege and female subordination as a contributor to gender order in social institutions

Answer 12

• upheld by gender ideology that put emphasis on natural differences between men and female
• structured around heteronormativity
• lead woman;n and LGBTQ to push generated boundaries.

Question 13

masculinizing practice

Answer 13

a crucial structure in establishing and maintaining a traditional gender order

Question 14

muscular christianity

Answer 14

preparation for war and colonial service

Question 15

victorian version of masculinity

Answer 15

the battle of Waterloo was won on the playing fields of Eton - duke wellington

Question 16

in sport as masculinity practice what attitudes and actions were linked with men

Answer 16

toughness, aggression and power appeared to be a natural habit

Question 17

hegemonic masculinity

Answer 17

the dominant and idealized form of masculinity that has achieved broad public acceptance and operates as ‘common sense ‘ in general order

Question 18

through reinforced heterosexuality, aggression and assertiveness as a dominant standard for boys/men. what do these boys/men consensually aspire to?

Answer 18

experience their bodies, and themselves, in forceful, stance-occupying and dominating ways - taught in sport and culturally exalting by sporting

Question 19

jock insurance

Answer 19

using sport as a key marker of masculinity and as protection from homophobic bullying in school status hierarchies

Question 20

struggle for women in terms of media coverage

Answer 20

content and amount vastly unequal and declining

Question 21

sport typing

Answer 21

gendered ideology that promotes certain sports as more appropriate for one sex than the other

Question 22

sex-specific rules and resources based on physical differences

Answer 22

sports were institutionalized with the ideological message of women being weaker than men and deserved less resources

Question 23

emphasized femininity

Answer 23

a dominant ideological model of heterosexual womanhood and body types for young girls/women .

Question 24

consequences of sex testing

Answer 24

segregation and fear of men competing unfairly against women, no test ever caught a man masquerading as a female athlete, hence men were not tested

Question 25

femininity card

Answer 25

a chromosome tests for women introduced by the IOC

Question 26

random tests

Answer 26

serves to identify and police athletes who are intersex or have high levels of testosterone

Question 27

IOC’s stockholm consensus

Answer 27

transgender athletes can compete in their transitioned sex under strict conditions of legal and surgical sex change in a 2 year period

Question 28

Rule of IOC and transgender individuals

Answer 28

1. female to male athletes are eligible to take part in mens competition without restrictions
2. male to female athletes will need to demonstrate tat their testosterone level has been below a cutoff point for at least 1 year

Question 29

U sport policy

Answer 29

athletes are allowed to compete on teams that correspond with their gender category or their assigned sex at birth, as long as they comply with the Canadian anti-doping program

Question 30

fallon fox

Answer 30

1. first trans athlete in MMA history

Question 31

caster semenya

Answer 31

1. experiences hyperandrogegism (excessive testosterone)

2. controversy was enforcing a gender test to be clear as a women

Question 32

dutee chand

Answer 32

1. experienced hyperandrogegism

2. IAAF wanted her to alter her body with drugs and surgery

Question 33

Harrison Browne

Answer 33

1. identifies as a man (female to male)
2. first openly trans in professional sport
3. NWHL concerns about fair play

Question 34

feminist movement

Answer 34

during 1960’s and 1970’s there was a huge struggle to promote sport for women and girls, to influence policy and access to coaching

Question 35

gay games

Answer 35

founded by Dr. Tom Waddell in 1982 in spirit of inclusion

Question 36

you can play campaign

Answer 36

dedicated to eradicating homophobia in sport

Question 37

inclusion of Canadian olympic committee’s pride house

Answer 37

a safe space in the olympic village for LGBTQ2 althetes and their supporters