Chapter 14 - Globalization and Sport Flashcards
globalization
a combination of political, e economic, and cultural processes through which the world is becoming a more integrated place
globalizations contribution to society
investment capital / money , goods, ideas, people flow around the world in unprecedented
globalization anticipated by Karl Marx
- capital/money will overcome all barriers, including space, time and national boundaries
- since 1980’s there has been concerted effort to promote freer global trade
transitional corporations
dominant insitiutions of our lifetime where profit motive is the dominant incentive
uneven development
uneven spatial distribution of effects of a global labour market that is constantly exploited by nomadic capital
beneficiaries of uneven development
global north affluent cities
affluent individuals
profitable corporations
political populism response on globalization
over the past 2-3 decades has been accompanied by an expansion of social and economic inequality between and within nations
results of political populism response on globalization
conditions that are ripe for political populism and politicians who appeal to those who have been left behind
sport apparel in relation to global labour
companies such as Nike were at the forefront of these developments as various nations and regions competed to attract business
unprecedented economic incentives offered by numerous developing countries
low corporate taxes, low wages, and few labour regulations
Nike’s Business Model
- outsource manufacturing and production
2. use savings on labour for aggressive global marketing and sponsorship campaigns with high profile athlete and team s
global boycott campaign during 1990’s against Nike including colleges and universities
huge markets that impacted the company’s bottom line and forced numerous changes to labour practices
marxist definition of commodity fetishism
social relations to the labouring activities of others are disguised and obscured in the relationship between commodities and money
why is the chain of connection between consumers and labourers obscure
people don’t have to think about work conditions because we can just purchase products that were made far
how does IOC operate under the law of Switzerland
- members chosen by the president and executive board of IOC
- Holds a monopoly on excellence in amateur sport
ideological contradiction of IOC
IOC’s ideological principle of universalism has meant that it turned a blind eye to political ideology and crimes of nations
basic contradiction of olympic movement
Claims to be international and apolitical, but IOC relinquishes moral authority to national governments and competing political ideologies
key asset that maximizes IOC’s global profits
the rights to host games and its symbols
revenue and tax structure of the Olympic Games
- revenues are partially split with local organizing committee
- the IOC pay NO taxes anywhere on the planet
- Federal tax exemption was granted to the IOC
Debates over hosting the games
- becomes VERY expensive, 20 million+ just to bid
- governments willing to invest hundreds of millions of dollars of public funds
- games are understood as political and economic ‘state of exception’
short term benefits of the games
- international prestige, pride and visibility
- higher real estate prices in parts of the city, beneficial for landowners, real estate agents and speculators
- construction and employment gains
- economic gains from tourism
long term benefits of the games
- legacy of new or refurbished sports facilities
- potential for costly ‘white elephants’
- facility are genuinely needed - legacy of broader infrastructure
- long term net economic gain for cities, little evidence
costs of the games
- massive amounts of public funds for 3 week events especially due to increased security costs
- long term debt
- long term opportunity costs - environmental concern: facilities, infrastructure and travel
- gentrification of poorer neighbourhoods and displacement of less affluent and homeless
white elephant
under-utilized / abandoned facilities
Olympic Agenda 2020
- Germany as well as other places rejects bid for 2024 olympic summer games
- IOC passed Agenda 2020 to help reduce costs for cities, successful bids will favour refurbishment of facilities rather than new buildings
Olympic Agenda 2020
- Germany as well as other places rejects bid for 2024 olympic summer games
- IOC passed Agenda 2020 to help reduce costs for cities, successful bids will favour refurbishment of facilities rather than new buildings
