Chapter 14 - Globalization and Sport

Question 1

globalization

Answer 1

a combination of political, e economic, and cultural processes through which the world is becoming a more integrated place

Question 2

globalizations contribution to society

Answer 2

investment capital / money , goods, ideas, people flow around the world in unprecedented

Question 3

globalization anticipated by Karl Marx

Answer 3

1. capital/money will overcome all barriers, including space, time and national boundaries
2. since 1980’s there has been concerted effort to promote freer global trade

Question 4

transitional corporations

Answer 4

dominant insitiutions of our lifetime where profit motive is the dominant incentive

Question 5

uneven development

Answer 5

uneven spatial distribution of effects of a global labour market that is constantly exploited by nomadic capital

Question 6

beneficiaries of uneven development

Answer 6

global north affluent cities
affluent individuals
profitable corporations

Question 7

political populism response on globalization

Answer 7

over the past 2-3 decades has been accompanied by an expansion of social and economic inequality between and within nations

Question 8

results of political populism response on globalization

Answer 8

conditions that are ripe for political populism and politicians who appeal to those who have been left behind

Question 9

sport apparel in relation to global labour

Answer 9

companies such as Nike were at the forefront of these developments as various nations and regions competed to attract business

Question 10

unprecedented economic incentives offered by numerous developing countries

Answer 10

low corporate taxes, low wages, and few labour regulations

Question 11

Nike’s Business Model

Answer 11

1. outsource manufacturing and production

2. use savings on labour for aggressive global marketing and sponsorship campaigns with high profile athlete and team s

Question 12

global boycott campaign during 1990’s against Nike including colleges and universities

Answer 12

huge markets that impacted the company’s bottom line and forced numerous changes to labour practices

Question 13

marxist definition of commodity fetishism

Answer 13

social relations to the labouring activities of others are disguised and obscured in the relationship between commodities and money

Question 14

why is the chain of connection between consumers and labourers obscure

Answer 14

people don’t have to think about work conditions because we can just purchase products that were made far

Question 15

how does IOC operate under the law of Switzerland

Answer 15

1. members chosen by the president and executive board of IOC
2. Holds a monopoly on excellence in amateur sport

Question 16

ideological contradiction of IOC

Answer 16

IOC’s ideological principle of universalism has meant that it turned a blind eye to political ideology and crimes of nations

Question 17

basic contradiction of olympic movement

Answer 17

Claims to be international and apolitical, but IOC relinquishes moral authority to national governments and competing political ideologies

Question 18

key asset that maximizes IOC’s global profits

Answer 18

the rights to host games and its symbols

Question 19

revenue and tax structure of the Olympic Games

Answer 19

1. revenues are partially split with local organizing committee
2. the IOC pay NO taxes anywhere on the planet
3. Federal tax exemption was granted to the IOC

Question 20

Debates over hosting the games

Answer 20

1. becomes VERY expensive, 20 million+ just to bid
2. governments willing to invest hundreds of millions of dollars of public funds
3. games are understood as political and economic ‘state of exception’

Question 21

short term benefits of the games

Answer 21

1. international prestige, pride and visibility
2. higher real estate prices in parts of the city, beneficial for landowners, real estate agents and speculators
3. construction and employment gains
4. economic gains from tourism

Question 22

long term benefits of the games

Answer 22

1. legacy of new or refurbished sports facilities
   - potential for costly ‘white elephants’
   - facility are genuinely needed
2. legacy of broader infrastructure
3. long term net economic gain for cities, little evidence

Question 23

costs of the games

Answer 23

1. massive amounts of public funds for 3 week events especially due to increased security costs
   - long term debt
   - long term opportunity costs
2. environmental concern: facilities, infrastructure and travel
3. gentrification of poorer neighbourhoods and displacement of less affluent and homeless

Question 24

white elephant

Answer 24

under-utilized / abandoned facilities

Question 25

Olympic Agenda 2020

Answer 25

1. Germany as well as other places rejects bid for 2024 olympic summer games
2. IOC passed Agenda 2020 to help reduce costs for cities, successful bids will favour refurbishment of facilities rather than new buildings

Question 26

Olympic Agenda 2020

Answer 26

1. Germany as well as other places rejects bid for 2024 olympic summer games
2. IOC passed Agenda 2020 to help reduce costs for cities, successful bids will favour refurbishment of facilities rather than new buildings