Chapter 6: Skeletal System

Question 1

how many bones are you born with

Answer 1

270

Question 2

how many bones are in the adult body

Answer 2

206

Question 3

why do we start with more bones than we end with

Answer 3

because as we grow they fuse together

Question 4

what are the two categories of the skeletal system

Answer 4

axial and appendicular

Question 5

what are the functions of the skeletal system

Answer 5

support
movement
protection
blood formation
storage
detoxification

Question 6

how does the skeletal system support

Answer 6

framework the body is built on. hold softer tissues in place

Question 7

how does the skeletal system help with movement

Answer 7

muscles are attached to bone to move and bones act as levers around joints

Question 8

how does the skeletal system help with storage

Answer 8

fat and minerals are stored in the bones

Question 9

how does the skeletal system help with blood formation

Answer 9

red bone marrow is involved in blood cell protection

Question 10

how does the skeletal system help with detoxification

Answer 10

bones can store metal and other foreign materials so they don’t circulate in the blood

Question 11

what are the two types of bone

Answer 11

compact and spongy

Question 12

compact bone

Answer 12

very dense and hard, homogenous to the naked eye, surrounds entire surface of the bone, arranged in osteons

Question 13

spongy bone

Answer 13

empty spaces contain red bone marrow, contains trabeculae

Question 14

trabeculae

Answer 14

small pieces of bone surrounded by spaces

Question 15

osteons

Answer 15

elongated cylindrical structures found in compact bones

Question 16

lamellae

Answer 16

ring like layers around the osteons, collagen fibers run parallel and in one direction, fibers of adjacent ones run at 90 degrees to each other

Question 17

canals

Answer 17

found in osteons
have blood vessels and nerves
supply nutrients and get rid of waste

Question 18

central canal

Answer 18

opening in middle of osteon

Question 19

perforating canal

Answer 19

runs at right angles to the central canal
helps with blood supply b/t osteons by connecting the blood and nerve supply of the periosteum to the central canal

Question 20

osteocytes

Answer 20

mature bone cells responsible for maintaining the extracellular matrix

Question 21

lacunae

Answer 21

small cavities in the solid matrix where osteocytes are found

Question 22

canaliculi

Answer 22

tiny canals that run between lacunae
connect lacunae to each other and medullary canal
increases surface area of osteocytes
helps get nutrients

Question 23

intersitual lamellae

Answer 23

incomplete layers between osteons

Question 24

circumferential lamellae

Answer 24

layers of bone that run the circumference under the periosteum

Question 25

spongy bone

Answer 25

inside the ends of long bones, few to no osteon, trabeculae layer, marrow spaces

Question 26

trabeculae networks

Answer 26

slivers or spikes of bones
oriented along lines of stress
contain lamellae and lacunae

Question 27

stress lines

Answer 27

help with bones not breaking

Question 28

calalculi

Answer 28

connects to surrounding marrow

Question 29

marrow spaces

Answer 29

lined with endosteum
filled with red or yellow marrow

Question 30

red bone marrow

Answer 30

helps make blood cells

Question 31

yellow bone marrow

Answer 31

adipose tissue

Question 32

organic components of spongy bones

Answer 32

created by osteoblasts
1/3 of weight
contains collagen and various other complexes
gives flexibility

Question 33

inorganic components of spongy bone

Answer 33

2/3 weight
mineral salts (calcium)
crystals are deposited in and around collagen fibers

Question 34

types of bones

Answer 34

long
flat
short
irregular

Question 35

long bones

Answer 35

length is longer than width
nearly all appendages
mostly compact bone with spongy at ends

Question 36

examples of long bones

Answer 36

clavicle
humerous
radius
ulna
femur
tibia
metatarsals
phalanges

Question 37

short bones

Answer 37

roughly block shaped
mostly made of spongy bone with thin outer layer of compact bone

Question 38

examples of short bones

Answer 38

carpals, tarsals, patella

Question 39

patella

Answer 39

sesamoid short bone

Question 40

sesamoid short bone

Answer 40

bone that develops within a tendon

Question 41

flat bone

Answer 41

thin and flat
mostly spongy bone with layer of compact bone on each side

Question 42

examples of flat bones

Answer 42

ribs
hips
frontal
parietal
nasal
occipital temporal

Question 43

irregular bones

Answer 43

complex shapes, mainly spongy bone

Question 44

examples of irregular bones

Answer 44

face bones
vertebrae

Question 45

parts of the long bone

Answer 45

diaphysis
epiphysis
periosteum
endosteum

Question 46

diaphysis

Answer 46

shaft of bone
a thick layer of compact bone with a cavity (medullary- contains yellow bone marrow)

Question 47

epiphysis

Answer 47

ends of long bone
spongy bone inside
articular cartilage

Question 48

articular cartilage

Answer 48

covers end of the bone where joints form
hyaline cartilage
reduces friction and provides cushion

Question 49

epiphylli line

Answer 49

where bone growth occured

Question 50

periosteum

Answer 50

double layer sheath around bone
fibrous layer: outer most dense irregular connective tissue
osteogenic layer
sharpey fibers

Question 51

periosteal components

Answer 51

nerves, blood, and lymphatic vessels
Sharpey fibers anchor to bone
tendons and ligaments insert into the periosteum

Question 52

endosteum

Answer 52

thick connective layer lines the inside of bones
contains osteoclasts and osteoblasts