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BIOL 2040 > Ch. 9: Joints > Flashcards

Ch. 9: Joints Flashcards

1
Q

joint

A

articulation where two bones meet, holds bones together, permits movement

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2
Q

what would we look like if we had no moveable joints

A

we would look like robots

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3
Q

functional classification of joint

A

synarthrosis
amphiarthrosis
diarthrosis

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4
Q

synarthrotic joint

A

immovable
cranial sutures and teeth

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5
Q

amphiarthroic joints

A

slightly moveable joints,
pubic symphysis, and epiphyseal plate

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6
Q

diarthrotic joints

A

freely moveable
majority of joints
elbow and knee

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7
Q

structural classification of joints

A

bony
fibrous
cartilage
synovial

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8
Q

bony (synostosis) joints

A

forms whne ossification occurs in fibrous or cartilage joints

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9
Q

example of bony joints

A

coxal bone, used to be separated by cartilage then at puberty they fuse together

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10
Q

fibrous joints

A

fibrous connective tissue
ossify in adult hood

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11
Q

types of fibrous joints

A

sutures, syndesmosis, and gomphosis

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12
Q

types of suture fibrous joints

A

serrate, lap, plane

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13
Q

serrate fibrous joints

A

coronal suture, opposing margins

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14
Q

lap fibrous joints

A

sphenoid bone, wedges

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15
Q

plane fibrous joints

A

palatine suture, straight margins

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16
Q

what type of suture fibrous joint is the strongest

A

serrate

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17
Q

syndesmosis fibrous joints

A

held together by ligaments

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18
Q

examples of syndesmosis fibrous joints

A

between fibula and tibia, distal tibiofibular, contains interosseus membrane

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19
Q

interosseus membrane

A

the thick dense fibral connective tissue layer that spans the space between 2 bones forming a syndesmosis joint

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20
Q

gomphosis fibrous joints

A

pegs in a socket

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21
Q

example of gomphosis joints

A

teeth in mandible and maxilla

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22
Q

cartilage joints

A

two bones joined together, no joint cavity, amphiarthrotic

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23
Q

types of cartilage joints

A

synchondrosis, symphysis

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24
Q

synchondrosis cartilage joint

A

most are transitionary, and will ossify, hyaline cartilage

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25
Q

example of synchondrosis joints

A

epiphyseal plates

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26
Q

symphysis cartilage joints

A

held together with fibrous cartilage, limited movement, preform well under compression

27
Q

example of symphysis cartilage joint

A

pubic symphysis

28
Q

synovial joints

A

bones articulate together enclosed in a capsule with lubricating substance, diarthrosis, majority of joints

29
Q

example of synovial joint

A

shoulders

30
Q

structure of synovial joints

A

made of articular cartilage, joint capsules, synovial membranes, synovial fluid, ligaments, tendons

31
Q

articular cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage, covers articular surfaces

32
Q

joint capsule

A

made of fibrous layer ( dense irregular) continuous with the periosteum, gives stability

33
Q

synovial membrane

A

areolar tissue, lines everything in capsule but the articular cartilage

34
Q

synovial fluid

A

produced by the synovial membrane, viscous due to the hyaluronic acid, reduces friction

35
Q

ligaments

A

bone to bone connections

36
Q

tendons

A

bone to muscle connections, made of collagen connective tissue, helps to stabilize joints

37
Q

types of synovial joints

A

plane, hinge, condylar, saddle ball and joint, bursa, tendon sheath

38
Q

plane synovial joints

A

gliding joints, flat articular surfaces, allows for short gliding motions, carpals and tarsals

39
Q

hinge synovial joints

A

swinging motion, elbow, knee, b/t phalanges

40
Q

pivot synovial jonits

A

rounded part of one bone rotates with respect to another bone, ulna and radius

41
Q

condylar synovial joint

A

ellipsoid, oval ends of bone (convex and concave), metacarpal and trapezium, biaxial

42
Q

ball and joint synovial joints

A

round, multiaxial, humerous

43
Q

bursa synovial joints

A

flattened sac, filled with synovial membrane and synovial fluid

44
Q

tendon sheath synovial jonts

A

elongated bursa that is folded around a tendon, minimizes friction

45
Q

flexion

A

reduces angle moves anteriorly

46
Q

extension

A

increases angle, normal in 0 position

47
Q

hyper extension

A

puts past 0 position, moves posteriorly

48
Q

abduction

A

movement away from midline

49
Q

adduction

A

moves towards midline

50
Q

elevation

A

moves superiorly

51
Q

depression

A

moves inferiorly

52
Q

protraction

A

anterior movement

53
Q

retration

A

anterior movement

54
Q

circumduction

A

combination of flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction

55
Q

rotation

A

turning on the long axis

56
Q

supination

A

palm up

57
Q

pronation

A

palm down

58
Q

opposition

A

moves fingers together

59
Q

reposition

A

moves fingers to 0 positon

60
Q

dorsification

A

lifting front of foot off ground to stand on heel

61
Q

inversion

A

standing on toes

62
Q

eversion

A

lifting of lateral edge of foot

63
Q

plantar flexion

A

standing on toes

BIOL 2040 (5 decks)

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