Ch. 9: Joints

Question 1

joint

Answer 1

articulation where two bones meet, holds bones together, permits movement

Question 2

what would we look like if we had no moveable joints

Answer 2

we would look like robots

Question 3

functional classification of joint

Answer 3

synarthrosis
amphiarthrosis
diarthrosis

Question 4

synarthrotic joint

Answer 4

immovable
cranial sutures and teeth

Question 5

amphiarthroic joints

Answer 5

slightly moveable joints,
pubic symphysis, and epiphyseal plate

Question 6

diarthrotic joints

Answer 6

freely moveable
majority of joints
elbow and knee

Question 7

structural classification of joints

Answer 7

bony
fibrous
cartilage
synovial

Question 8

bony (synostosis) joints

Answer 8

forms whne ossification occurs in fibrous or cartilage joints

Question 9

example of bony joints

Answer 9

coxal bone, used to be separated by cartilage then at puberty they fuse together

Question 10

fibrous joints

Answer 10

fibrous connective tissue
ossify in adult hood

Question 11

types of fibrous joints

Answer 11

sutures, syndesmosis, and gomphosis

Question 12

types of suture fibrous joints

Answer 12

serrate, lap, plane

Question 13

serrate fibrous joints

Answer 13

coronal suture, opposing margins

Question 14

lap fibrous joints

Answer 14

sphenoid bone, wedges

Question 15

plane fibrous joints

Answer 15

palatine suture, straight margins

Question 16

what type of suture fibrous joint is the strongest

Answer 16

serrate

Question 17

syndesmosis fibrous joints

Answer 17

held together by ligaments

Question 18

examples of syndesmosis fibrous joints

Answer 18

between fibula and tibia, distal tibiofibular, contains interosseus membrane

Question 19

interosseus membrane

Answer 19

the thick dense fibral connective tissue layer that spans the space between 2 bones forming a syndesmosis joint

Question 20

gomphosis fibrous joints

Answer 20

pegs in a socket

Question 21

example of gomphosis joints

Answer 21

teeth in mandible and maxilla

Question 22

cartilage joints

Answer 22

two bones joined together, no joint cavity, amphiarthrotic

Question 23

types of cartilage joints

Answer 23

synchondrosis, symphysis

Question 24

synchondrosis cartilage joint

Answer 24

most are transitionary, and will ossify, hyaline cartilage

Question 25

example of synchondrosis joints

Answer 25

epiphyseal plates

Question 26

symphysis cartilage joints

Answer 26

held together with fibrous cartilage, limited movement, preform well under compression

Question 27

example of symphysis cartilage joint

Answer 27

pubic symphysis

Question 28

synovial joints

Answer 28

bones articulate together enclosed in a capsule with lubricating substance, diarthrosis, majority of joints

Question 29

example of synovial joint

Answer 29

shoulders

Question 30

structure of synovial joints

Answer 30

made of articular cartilage, joint capsules, synovial membranes, synovial fluid, ligaments, tendons

Question 31

articular cartilage

Answer 31

hyaline cartilage, covers articular surfaces

Question 32

joint capsule

Answer 32

made of fibrous layer ( dense irregular) continuous with the periosteum, gives stability

Question 33

synovial membrane

Answer 33

areolar tissue, lines everything in capsule but the articular cartilage

Question 34

synovial fluid

Answer 34

produced by the synovial membrane, viscous due to the hyaluronic acid, reduces friction

Question 35

ligaments

Answer 35

bone to bone connections

Question 36

tendons

Answer 36

bone to muscle connections, made of collagen connective tissue, helps to stabilize joints

Question 37

types of synovial joints

Answer 37

plane, hinge, condylar, saddle ball and joint, bursa, tendon sheath

Question 38

plane synovial joints

Answer 38

gliding joints, flat articular surfaces, allows for short gliding motions, carpals and tarsals

Question 39

hinge synovial joints

Answer 39

swinging motion, elbow, knee, b/t phalanges

Question 40

pivot synovial jonits

Answer 40

rounded part of one bone rotates with respect to another bone, ulna and radius

Question 41

condylar synovial joint

Answer 41

ellipsoid, oval ends of bone (convex and concave), metacarpal and trapezium, biaxial

Question 42

ball and joint synovial joints

Answer 42

round, multiaxial, humerous

Question 43

bursa synovial joints

Answer 43

flattened sac, filled with synovial membrane and synovial fluid

Question 44

tendon sheath synovial jonts

Answer 44

elongated bursa that is folded around a tendon, minimizes friction

Question 45

flexion

Answer 45

reduces angle moves anteriorly

Question 46

extension

Answer 46

increases angle, normal in 0 position

Question 47

hyper extension

Answer 47

puts past 0 position, moves posteriorly

Question 48

abduction

Answer 48

movement away from midline

Question 49

adduction

Answer 49

moves towards midline

Question 50

elevation

Answer 50

moves superiorly

Question 51

depression

Answer 51

moves inferiorly

Question 52

protraction

Answer 52

anterior movement

Question 53

retration

Answer 53

anterior movement

Question 54

circumduction

Answer 54

combination of flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction

Question 55

rotation

Answer 55

turning on the long axis

Question 56

supination

Answer 56

palm up

Question 57

pronation

Answer 57

palm down

Question 58

opposition

Answer 58

moves fingers together

Question 59

reposition

Answer 59

moves fingers to 0 positon

Question 60

dorsification

Answer 60

lifting front of foot off ground to stand on heel

Question 61

inversion

Answer 61

standing on toes

Question 62

eversion

Answer 62

lifting of lateral edge of foot

Question 63

plantar flexion

Answer 63

standing on toes