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NPP > Chapter 6: Serotonin (5-HT) > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Serotonin (5-HT) Flashcards

1
Q

Serotonin is a […] NT.

A

monoamine

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2
Q

Most common role of 5-HT is […]., relaxation, […].

A

mood stabilization; well-being

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3
Q

Some roles that oppose 5-HT common role (4):

A
  1. aggression
  2. stress
  3. social rank
  4. feeding
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4
Q

5-HT is synthesized from…

A

tryptophan

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5
Q

What are the 2 steps of synthesis?

A
  1. tryptophan hydroxylase: tryptophan to 5-HTP (RLS)
  2. aromatic amino acid decarboxylase: 5-HTP to 5-HT

**Rate Limiting Step

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6
Q

Which meal increases tryptophan and 5-HT?

A

low-protein, high carbohydrate meals

passes BBB

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7
Q

5-HT stored into vesicles via […].

A

VMAT

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8
Q

What can VMAT be blocked by (drug)?

A

reserpine

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9
Q

5-HT is released via […].

A

exocytosis

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10
Q

What are drugs that affect 5-HT release?

A

amphetamines and MDMA (ecstasy)

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11
Q

The amphetamines bind to […]. and increase EC levels of all […].

A

monoamine transporters; monoamines

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12
Q

SERT:

A

serotonin transporter

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13
Q

After release 5-HT is […] removed from the […] by SERT.

A

rapidly; synaptic cleft

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14
Q

What is an example of a SSRI?

A

prozac

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15
Q

Serotonin is catalyzed by…

A

MAO-A (monoamine oxidase)

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16
Q

MAO-O can be found in neurons and […].

A

astrocytes

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17
Q

The catalysis of serotonin yields…

A

5-HIAA

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18
Q

5-HIAA levels are important for clinical diagnosis why?

A

tells doctors about overall activity of CNS serotonergic neurons

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19
Q

Serotonin neurons originate in the […].

A

ralphe nuclei

20
Q

Serotonergic fibers are particularly dense at the […] and the deep layer of the […].

A

cortical surface; hippocampus

21
Q

The dorsal raphe nucleus provides the majority of […] to the region of the […] system. Which is essential for the regulation of complex […] responses to […]

A

serotonergic input; limbic; emotional; stress

22
Q

Firing patterns of DRN neurons: During REM vs being awake.

A

REM there is almost no wave lengths; the amount increase as individuals are out of sleep

23
Q

How many 5-HT receptors?

A

14

24
Q

Most 5-HT receptors are […].

A

metabotropic

25
Q

5-HT1A are found in large concentrations in the […] and […].

A

hippocampus; amygdala

26
Q

5-HT1A […] cAMP synthesis by […] adenylyl cyclase.

A

inhibit; inhibiting

27
Q

5-HT1A stimulates […] channels and produces […].

A

K+; hyperpolarization

28
Q

5-HT2A are found in large concentrations in the […].

A

cortex

29
Q

5-HT2A stimulates the […].

A

phosphoinositide second messenger system

30
Q

5-HT2A increases […] levels in the postsynaptic cells and also activate […].

A

Ca2+; protein kinase C (PKC)

31
Q

5-HT3 receptors located on […].

A

vagus nerve

32
Q

5-HT1A agonists:

A

buspirone

33
Q

5-HT1A receptor antagonists:

A

WAY 100635

34
Q

5-HT2A agonists:

A

DIO

35
Q

5-HT2A antagonists:

A

clozapine & risperidone

36
Q

Tph2 gene KO mice:

A

completely eliminates 5-HT from the brain which largely increases aggression

37
Q

Serotonin deficiency hypothesis of aggression:

A

low 5-HT signaling in brain areas involving aggression produces hyper-aggressiveness

38
Q

Impulsivity and Tph2-KO mice:

A

more impulsive, compulsive, less anxious

39
Q

Social deficits and Tph-KO mice:

A

poor social communication and behaviors (deficient maternal behavior)

40
Q

Which receptor subtypes play roles in appetite and food intake?

A

5-HT2C agonists
5-HT1B agonists
5-HT6 antagonists

41
Q

SSRIs are the most common treatment for several […].

A

anxiety disorders

42
Q

Which receptor subtypes regulate anxiety-like behaviors?

A

5-HT2A
5-HT2C
5-HT1A

43
Q

Which specific projections also promote anxiety?

A

neurons that are sent to the amygdala

44
Q

Low 5-HT is correlated with […], but it’s not the […].

A

depression; cause

45
Q

Boosting 5-HT levels is good for […] and […] and […].

A

mental health; learning; memory

46
Q

The hippocampus has a high density of […] receptors. Activation of these helps in […] in spatial learning and can […] for threats in the environment.

A

5-HT1A; improving memory formation; impair memory function

47
Q

Cognition is improved when animals are treated with a […] receptor […].

A

5-HT6; antagonist

NPP (9 decks)

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