Chapter 6: Serotonin (5-HT) Flashcards
Serotonin is a […] NT.
monoamine
Most common role of 5-HT is […]., relaxation, […].
mood stabilization; well-being
Some roles that oppose 5-HT common role (4):
- aggression
- stress
- social rank
- feeding
5-HT is synthesized from…
tryptophan
What are the 2 steps of synthesis?
- tryptophan hydroxylase: tryptophan to 5-HTP (RLS)
- aromatic amino acid decarboxylase: 5-HTP to 5-HT
**Rate Limiting Step
Which meal increases tryptophan and 5-HT?
low-protein, high carbohydrate meals
passes BBB
5-HT stored into vesicles via […].
VMAT
What can VMAT be blocked by (drug)?
reserpine
5-HT is released via […].
exocytosis
What are drugs that affect 5-HT release?
amphetamines and MDMA (ecstasy)
The amphetamines bind to […]. and increase EC levels of all […].
monoamine transporters; monoamines
SERT:
serotonin transporter
After release 5-HT is […] removed from the […] by SERT.
rapidly; synaptic cleft
What is an example of a SSRI?
prozac
Serotonin is catalyzed by…
MAO-A (monoamine oxidase)
MAO-O can be found in neurons and […].
astrocytes
The catalysis of serotonin yields…
5-HIAA
5-HIAA levels are important for clinical diagnosis why?
tells doctors about overall activity of CNS serotonergic neurons
Serotonin neurons originate in the […].
ralphe nuclei
Serotonergic fibers are particularly dense at the […] and the deep layer of the […].
cortical surface; hippocampus
The dorsal raphe nucleus provides the majority of […] to the region of the […] system. Which is essential for the regulation of complex […] responses to […]
serotonergic input; limbic; emotional; stress
Firing patterns of DRN neurons: During REM vs being awake.
REM there is almost no wave lengths; the amount increase as individuals are out of sleep
How many 5-HT receptors?
14
Most 5-HT receptors are […].
metabotropic
5-HT1A are found in large concentrations in the […] and […].
hippocampus; amygdala
5-HT1A […] cAMP synthesis by […] adenylyl cyclase.
inhibit; inhibiting
5-HT1A stimulates […] channels and produces […].
K+; hyperpolarization
5-HT2A are found in large concentrations in the […].
cortex
5-HT2A stimulates the […].
phosphoinositide second messenger system
5-HT2A increases […] levels in the postsynaptic cells and also activate […].
Ca2+; protein kinase C (PKC)
5-HT3 receptors located on […].
vagus nerve
5-HT1A agonists:
buspirone
5-HT1A receptor antagonists:
WAY 100635
5-HT2A agonists:
DIO
5-HT2A antagonists:
clozapine & risperidone
Tph2 gene KO mice:
completely eliminates 5-HT from the brain which largely increases aggression
Serotonin deficiency hypothesis of aggression:
low 5-HT signaling in brain areas involving aggression produces hyper-aggressiveness
Impulsivity and Tph2-KO mice:
more impulsive, compulsive, less anxious
Social deficits and Tph-KO mice:
poor social communication and behaviors (deficient maternal behavior)
Which receptor subtypes play roles in appetite and food intake?
5-HT2C agonists
5-HT1B agonists
5-HT6 antagonists
SSRIs are the most common treatment for several […].
anxiety disorders
Which receptor subtypes regulate anxiety-like behaviors?
5-HT2A
5-HT2C
5-HT1A
Which specific projections also promote anxiety?
neurons that are sent to the amygdala
Low 5-HT is correlated with […], but it’s not the […].
depression; cause
Boosting 5-HT levels is good for […] and […] and […].
mental health; learning; memory
The hippocampus has a high density of […] receptors. Activation of these helps in […] in spatial learning and can […] for threats in the environment.
5-HT1A; improving memory formation; impair memory function
Cognition is improved when animals are treated with a […] receptor […].
5-HT6; antagonist
