Chapter 6 -Rule out Renal Failure Flashcards
occurs when the renal collecting system of one or both kidneys becomes dilated from obstruction of urine flow-caused by calculi,infection, tumor, obstruction, overdistended bladder, or pregnancy
Hydronephrosis
What are the sonographic findings of hydronephrosis?
A group of anechoic spaces in the renal sinus, could extend into the ureters
Using Doppler is helpful to make sure that the renal vasculature is not confused w/ hydro.
A patient comes in and has pain on her right side where her kidney would be. She has bee nauseous and vomiting for a week, had blood in her urine and has a fever and the chills. The ultrasound shows a group of anechoic structures
What could she have?
Hydronephrosis
results from the lack of blood being supplied to the kidneys and is caused by trauma, surgery, or hypotension. It is a type of inherent renal failure that is caused by deposits of cellular debris within the renal collecting tubs. It is a common cause of acute transplant failure.
Patients may present with hypertension, oliguria, edema, hypotension, flank pain, n/v, hematuria, infection, sepsis, decreased consciousness, and muscle necrosis
Acute Tubular Necrosis
A patient comes in with flank pain and blood in her urine.Her father said she had trauma to her kidney and has had decreased consciousness. Her lab values show an INCREASE in of creatinine, BUN, and DECREASED levels of GFR
What does she possibly have?
Acute Tubular Necrosis
inflammation of the renal glomeruli that frequently occurs as a late complication of an infection (typically throat). It is more common in males and is resulted by inability to filter the blood properly to make urine. Labs will show hematuria, proteinuria, decreased GFR, and increased BUN and creatinine
Glomerulnephritis
A patients lab values are as shown:
- Elevated BUN and creatinine
- Decreased GFR
- Hematuria and proteinuria
What two patholgies could she possible have?
Acute Tubular Necrosis and Glomerulonephritis
the distention of the renal collecting system with pus or infected urine which results from long-standing ureteral obstruction from calculus disease, stricture or an anomaly. The pus comes from a collection of WBC, bacteria and debris. Clinically-associated with fever, chills, UTI, obstruction, hydro, and pain. Lab results include leukocytosis, pyuria, and bacteriuria
Sonographic-presence of hydro w/ debri and low-amplitude echoes.
PYOnephritis
Remember the prefix PYO indicates PUS
inflammation of renal collecting system and renal parenchyma from a local bacterial infection (either acute or chronic)
Clinical symptoms-flank pain, fever, chills, nausea, dysuria, and vomiting
Sonographic Finding-hydro, w or w/o pelvic or ureteral dilation. If collecting system is found, pyonephrosis should be suspected. Focal pyelonephritis caused increased or decreased areas of echogenicity that bulge outside of renal cortex.
Pyleonephritis
What’s the differences between PYOnephrtisis and PYEleonephrtisis?
Pyo is PUS in the renal collecting system and PYE is from a local bacterial infection
an abrupt decrease in renal function resulting in a retention of BUN and creatinine and decrease in blood flow. Decreased renala blood flow leads to ischemia and cell death. Symptoms include hypertension, edema, oliguria, and hematuria. LAB VALUES include elevated WBC, creatinine, and BUN levels. Sonographically-enlarged or normal echogenic kidneys
Acute Renal Failure
as end stage renal disease-kidneys are unable to regulate electrolyte, fluid, and acid-based substances. A kidney transplant is usually needed, and dialysis will be performed until so. LAB VALUES-decreased GFR, hyperkalemia, elevated BUN and creatinine, and anemia. Sonographically- enlarged but overtime will decreased bilaterally.
Chronic renal failure
A patient comes in and states she noticed some swelling, hard time urinating and when she did there was blood. Her labs showed elevated WBC, creatnine and BUN. The US showed enlarged kidneys.
What is this?
Acute Renal Failure
A patient comes in with known renal failure for quiet some time. She has been extremely fatigued, blood in urine, and elevated BUn, and anemia. The kidneys look very small and atrophic
What is it?
Chronic Renal Failure
