Chapter 5-Hematuria Flashcards
stones anywhere in the urinary tract. This is influenced by heredity, familial predisposition, geographic location, changes in urine pH, or bacteria. More commonly found in males.
Nephrolithiasis
A patient comes in. She describes her pain as dull lower back pain. She’s been feeling pain when she urinates and has a slight fever.
What could she possibly have?
Clinical Symptoms of Nephrolithiasis
The lower back pain can indicate that the stone is in the distal ureter
What would nephrolithiasis look like sonographically?
The calculi is crescent-shaped and echogenic with posterior shadowing.
Color Doppler will show the TWINKLE SIGN if shadowing is hard to see,
What is the most common bladder neoplasm?
Transitional Cell Carcinoma
also referred to as hyper-nephroma or adenocarcinoma; accounts for most clinically relevant renal tumors. Risk factors-men over women, over the age of 60-70, smoking, obesity, and hypertension, presents with hematuria, palpable mass, flank pain, weight loss, and fever.
Renal Cell Carcinoma
A 65 year old obese man comes in and reeks of smoke. He says that he has lost some weight, and feels a mass over right side where his kidney is. He presents with hematuria. What could he have?
Renal Cell Carcinoma
What does Renal Cell Carcinoma look like on US?
could be isoechoic, hypo or hyperechoic. It may have calcification or be complex.
Put on color to see if the IVC and Renal Vein have been invaded.
More than 90% of malignant diseases that involve the bladder; patients usually have painless hematuria, but if the renal collecting section is involved, the patient may have pain and hydro. Sonographically-bulky, hypoechoic mass in the bladder.
Transitional Cell Carcinoma
a common renal cortex mass that consists mostly of fat, muscle cells, and arterial vessels.
Angiomyolipoma
A patient comes in and says she has no pain or but that she’s noticed a little blood in her urine. The sonographer scanned through and saw a hyperechoic cortex mass.
What is it?
Angiomyolipoma
rare benign neoplasms that consist of a mass of blood vessels occuring in younger adults
Hemangioma
Can be caused by trauma, RCC, post-renal biopsy, hemorrhagic cysts, absesses.
Is basically a fluid collection
Hematoma
A patient comes in and severe abdominal pain and her labs show that her hematocrit is lower than usual,
Whats a possible diagnosis?
Hematoma
What are the sonographic findings of a hematoma
Fresh blood is anechoic, swirling internal echoes.
Acute States-Echogenic
Gets complex
Chronic- calcifications with shadowing.
What is staghorn calculis?
a stone that fills the renal pelvis
