Chapter 13-Abnormal Uterine Bleeding and Ch 15-PID

Question 1

What is the most common pelvic tumor?

Answer 1

fibroids

Question 2

What are fibroids and what ethnicity has a higher risk?

Answer 2

Fibroids are benign smooth muscle tumors that develop within the myometrium

African Americans

Question 3

T/F

Fibroids tend to grow in response to estrogen stimulation and regress or stabilize during menopause.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Whats another word for fibroids?

Answer 4

Leiomyomas

Question 5

What are the three types of fibroids?

Answer 5

intramural (in myometrium), submucosal (extends into endo), and subserosal (in contact with serosal layer and distort the uterus)

Question 6

What is the most common type of fibroid

Answer 6

intramural fibroids (surrounded by myometrium)

Question 7

What type of fibroid causes abnormal uterine bleeding?

Answer 7

submucosal (extends into endometrium)

Question 8

What are the sonographic findings of fibroids?

Answer 8

obvious disortion of uterine contour, generalized enlargement of the uterus, altered echotexture, hypo-hyperechoic focal masses, calcifications with shadowing.

Question 9

What is adenomyosis?

Answer 9

common gynecologic condition in which the glands and stroma from basal layer of endometrium penetrates into the myometrium causing distortion of myometrium from smooth muscle hyperplasia.

most often found after hysterectomy.

Question 10

What are the symptoms of adenomyosis?

Answer 10

painful menstruation, and AUB.

Question 11

What is the sonographic findings of adenomyosis?

Answer 11

ill-defined myometrial heterogenicity, and uterine enlargement, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of myometrium, thickened posterior wall, and diffuse vascularity.

Question 12

What is endometrial hyperplasia?

Answer 12

abnormal proliferation of the endometrium in response to unopposed estrogen.

Question 13

Who is at risk of getting endometrial hyperplasia and why??

Answer 13

a patient taking estrogen-only hormone replacement meds or chronic anovulation.

An annovulatory patient does not always produce a corpus luteum cyst, the endometrium doesn’t receive adequate progesterone stimulation.

Question 14

What is the leading cause of hysterectomies?

Answer 14

fibroids

Question 15

What does endometrial hyperplasia look like on US?

Answer 15

diffusely thickened endo, although it can be asymmetric focal thickening.

Question 16

What is the most common gynecologic cancer and what age range are at risk( post menopausal or menopausal?)

Answer 16

Endometrial Adenocarcinoma

postmenopausal women

Question 17

What is the most common finding of endometrial adenocarcinoma?

Answer 17

postmenopausal bleeding.

Question 18

What are some risk factors of endometrial adenocarcinoma?

Answer 18

estrogen stimulation, obesity, nulliparity, diabetes, hypertension, tamoxifen therapy, chronic anovulation, and atypical endometrial hyperplasia.

Question 19

What will endometrial adenocarcinoma look like on US?

Answer 19

abnormally thickened endo, hetterogenous echotexture, hematometra, and a enlarged uterus.

Question 20

What are endometrial polyps made up of

Answer 20

overgrowths of endometrial glands, stroma, and blood vessels attached by a stalk with blood flow.

Question 21

During the secretory phase, polyps can look _______

isoechoic, hyper or hypoechoic

Answer 21

isoechoic

Question 22

What effect does tamoxifen have on the uterus? (tamoxifen is used in breast cancer patients)

Answer 22

stimulates cell growth, enhancing the risk of endometrial CA, hyperplasia, and polyps

Question 23

When does the uterus usually go back to normal after having a kid?

Answer 23

6-8 weeks