Chapter 13-Abnormal Uterine Bleeding and Ch 15-PID Flashcards
What is the most common pelvic tumor?
fibroids
What are fibroids and what ethnicity has a higher risk?
Fibroids are benign smooth muscle tumors that develop within the myometrium
African Americans
T/F
Fibroids tend to grow in response to estrogen stimulation and regress or stabilize during menopause.
True
Whats another word for fibroids?
Leiomyomas
What are the three types of fibroids?
intramural (in myometrium), submucosal (extends into endo), and subserosal (in contact with serosal layer and distort the uterus)
What is the most common type of fibroid
intramural fibroids (surrounded by myometrium)
What type of fibroid causes abnormal uterine bleeding?
submucosal (extends into endometrium)
What are the sonographic findings of fibroids?
obvious disortion of uterine contour, generalized enlargement of the uterus, altered echotexture, hypo-hyperechoic focal masses, calcifications with shadowing.
What is adenomyosis?
common gynecologic condition in which the glands and stroma from basal layer of endometrium penetrates into the myometrium causing distortion of myometrium from smooth muscle hyperplasia.
most often found after hysterectomy.
What are the symptoms of adenomyosis?
painful menstruation, and AUB.
What is the sonographic findings of adenomyosis?
ill-defined myometrial heterogenicity, and uterine enlargement, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of myometrium, thickened posterior wall, and diffuse vascularity.
What is endometrial hyperplasia?
abnormal proliferation of the endometrium in response to unopposed estrogen.
Who is at risk of getting endometrial hyperplasia and why??
a patient taking estrogen-only hormone replacement meds or chronic anovulation.
An annovulatory patient does not always produce a corpus luteum cyst, the endometrium doesn’t receive adequate progesterone stimulation.
What is the leading cause of hysterectomies?
fibroids
What does endometrial hyperplasia look like on US?
diffusely thickened endo, although it can be asymmetric focal thickening.
What is the most common gynecologic cancer and what age range are at risk( post menopausal or menopausal?)
Endometrial Adenocarcinoma
postmenopausal women
What is the most common finding of endometrial adenocarcinoma?
postmenopausal bleeding.
What are some risk factors of endometrial adenocarcinoma?
estrogen stimulation, obesity, nulliparity, diabetes, hypertension, tamoxifen therapy, chronic anovulation, and atypical endometrial hyperplasia.
What will endometrial adenocarcinoma look like on US?
abnormally thickened endo, hetterogenous echotexture, hematometra, and a enlarged uterus.
What are endometrial polyps made up of
overgrowths of endometrial glands, stroma, and blood vessels attached by a stalk with blood flow.
During the secretory phase, polyps can look _______
isoechoic, hyper or hypoechoic
isoechoic
What effect does tamoxifen have on the uterus? (tamoxifen is used in breast cancer patients)
stimulates cell growth, enhancing the risk of endometrial CA, hyperplasia, and polyps
When does the uterus usually go back to normal after having a kid?
6-8 weeks
