Chapter 6 Relations with indigenous people Flashcards
Where and among whom did the Mutiny break out
sepoys serving in the Bengal army
Why did the Mutiny break out
Traditional explanation : cartridges in the new Enfield rifles greased with animal fat
Real trigger : Anger of landlords and nobles deprived of their lands
When did the Mutiny start and when did it end?
February 1857 Sepoy’s refused to take orders and turned against their British officials
June 1858 final battle at Gwalior
Name some benefits and drawbacks of the British Raj?
railways - but geared to needs of control and trade; most villages lacked infrastructure offered markets
Monoculture; India became dependent on food imports and consumption per head declined
irrigation; only affected 6% of the land
cheap manufactures- Indian industries were unable to compete
education - only the privileged benefitted
Poverty continued, high death rates and famines
Effect of Viceroy Canning’s tour?
Return land and titles to natives
Star of India medals
Positions in the Imperial Assembly or the Civil Service for Indian nobility
More educational establishments
When was the Indian National Congress formed
1884
When was Natal annexed
1845
When did Britain recognise the Boer states?
in the 1850’s
Key term Bantu
Bantu peoples is used as a general label for the 300-600 ethnic groups in Africa who speak Bantu languages, including the Xhosa, Pedi and Zulu tribes.
Key term West Griqualand
this state had been founded by the Griqua people, a Khoi Khoi tribe, which had left the Cape Colony to avoid racial persecution.
What opened the path for greater friction in the region?
Discovery of diamonds near Kimberley (West Griqualand) triggering a diamond rush 1867
When is Basutoland annexed
1868
When did the British take West Griqualand
1871
When was Griqualand East established and annexed?
In 1873 and annexed in 1874
When did the British propose a federation of British and Boer territory?
1875, firm rejection of the Boers
When was the Xhosa War
1877-1878
When and why did the British announce the annexation of the Transvaal?
1877 in order to defend the european settlers against the Pedi and Zulu tribe
When was the invasion into Zululand launched?
January 1879
When did the Boers declare full independence from the British?
Immediately after the British had defeated the Zulus in 1880
What is the name and when did the British suffer a humiliating defeat by the Boers?
Majuba Hill, February 1881, 150 Britons were killed,
What did the defeat at Majuba Hill result in?
British signed the Pretoria Convention, Boer independence
When and where did the Germany arrive in Africa?
south-west Africa 1884
When and why was Bechuanaland annexed
1885 to prevent a German/Boer unification
When was gold discovered at Witwaterstrand, near the Transvaal capital?
1886
When was a fort in Salisbury established?
September 1890, Rhodes,
How did the British treat the Bantu people?
land was increasingly eroded
even though Diamonds and Gold had been discovered, the wealth was unequally distributed, profits remained in the hands of white settlers
Laws to limit the right of Africans to claim mines or trade in their products
Black workers were forgiven to live where they wanted
Who was responsible for the Xhosa, Zulu and First Boer War
Administrator Bartle Frere, later recalled to London by Gladstone and dismissed
Extension of education after the mutiny
In the 30 years after 1857
60.000 Indians entered university
(population of approx. 240million)
Economic benefits for India
Access to the Empire’s markets
Number of tea plantations increased from 1 in 1851 to 295 in 1871
