Chapter 18 Relations with indigenous people Flashcards
When was the Anglo-Irish Treaty signed
1921
What did the Anglo-Irish Treaty state?
created the Irish Free State as a self governing Dominion,
How significant was Eamon de Valera
Key leader in the independence movement, refused to accept the Anglo-Irish Treaty but defeated in 1923, refused to attend the Imperial Conference in 1937, created the Irish republic “Eire”
How significant was Eamon de Valera
Key leader in the independence movement, refused to accept the Anglo-Irish Treaty but defeated in 1923, refused to attend the Imperial Conference in 1937, created the Irish republic “Eire”
When did Ireland completely separate from the British?
1948 in the Republic of Ireland Act
Irelands position during WW2?
adopted a position of neutrality
Uprisings in India sparked from outside
1915 Ghadar Conspiracy and the Singapur Mutiny
Which Act allowed for political cases to be tried without a jury and provided for the internment of suspects without trial (in India)
1919 Rowlatt Act
Effect of the 1919 Government of India Act
failed to satisfy nationalist demands
When was the Amritsar Massacre
1919
Who commanded the British Troops at the Amritsar Massacre
General Dyer
How many people died at the Amritsar Massacre
1000 died and 1500 wounded
Reaction on the Amritsar Massacre
Indian National Congress claimed that by shooting into the crowd the British lost any moral authority to rule.
Galvanised Ghandi’s non-cooperation movement
Further Incident in 1922 (India, ended the non-cooperation movement)
Chauri Chaura Incident 1922
violence erupted from a large group of non-cooperation demonstrators, police opened fire, Indian National Congress called for an end of the movement after this incident
When did the Muslim League emerge
1930’s
Effect of the muslim league on the independence movement
new and increasingly militant element
Ghandi’s 1942 …….. campaign
Quit India Campaign
What did the Stafford Crips from 1942 offer?
Dominion status for India, however let to violence between Hindus and Muslims
When did India receive its Independence
1947
How many died in the conflict about the partition of India and Pakistan
400.000
What was the 1942 Quit India Movement
Civil Disobedience, demanding an orderly British withdrawal, British responded by imprisoning almost the entire INC leadership until 1945,
Who was involved in the 1919 revolts against the British in Egypt?
Egyptians and Sudanese after the British exiled Saad Zaghlul and other nationalists leaders
How many Egyptians were killed and wounded
800 killed, 1600 wounded
Why and when was Egypt granted independence
MIlner Report in 1922
Name of an underground Jewish militia in Palestine?
Haganah 1920-48 became the national army of Israel
Name of a jewish group of nationalists
Stern Gang (open war on British and Arabs), led to the British withdrawal in 1947 as they were unable to control the situation
Colonial Identity
Nationalism sparked in areas which benefitted less from Empire, ultimately western education and way of living created the nationalist sentiments.
HOWEVER strong support and indentification with the Empire in many areas and strong attachment to British Institutions and the crown-evidenced by the support in the World Wars
Example for Ghandis peaceful protest in the early period
boycotting the elections in the 1920’s
Portrait Jawaharlal Nehru 1889-1964
- westernised
- returned to India in 1912
- joined the INC in 1919
- INC president in 1928
- imprisioned during anti-salt tax campaign
- reelected INC president in 1936
- reluctant support for “Quit India-campaign”
- India’s first Prime Minister
Profile Subhas Chandra Bose (1987-1945)
- Indian Congress politician
- President from 1938-1939 (wanted the INC to adapt a more militant line
- allied himself with British enemies in WW2
- formed the Indian National Army in 1943
Three Indian nationalist leaders
Nehru, Bose and Jinnah
Portrait Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876-1948)
- member of the Congress Party and Muslim League (1906)
- 1913 leader of muslim league
- 1920 resigned from congress, disagreement about non-violent protest
- rejected the idea of partition until 1940
- 1947 First Governor General of Pakistan
Similarities between Nigeria, Gambia, Sierra Leone and the Gold Coast
Had legislative Councils by 1914 but restricted power and no real representation
What was founded in 1919 to represent West African interests?
National Congress of West Africa
Who dominated the National Congress of West Africa?
The educated elite in the Gold Coast, also supported by black middle class lawyers, teachers, and doctors many of whom were European educated
Initial problems with representation in West Africa?
nationalists were outnumbered by appointed(rather than elected) African chiefs from the interior of the colonies on the legislative councils
With increasing employment opportunities and spread of education which group emerged in West Africa?
WASU the West African Students Union founded in 1925
Two important African nationalist leaders
Azikiwe and Nkrumah
When was the Pan African Congress held
in 1945 in Manchester calling for autonomy and independence
Influential East African nationalist leader
Thuku, developed East African poltical protest
formed the Young Kikuyu organisation
Aims of the Young Kikuyu organisation
recover Kikuyu lands that had been lost when Kenya became a British colony in 1920
What else was founded by Thuku
East African Association 1921
Kenya African Study Union 1946 (important role in decolonisation)
